ORGCHEM PART 1 - ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

called when a carbonyl group is attached to at least one H atom (RCHO)

called when a carbonyl group is attached to at least one H atom (RCHO)

aldehyde

called when a carbonyl group is attached to two carbon groups (RCOR)

ketone

(IUPAC) In naming aldehydes, Name the longest carbon chain by replacing the e in the alkane name with _____
Then we name and number substituents by counting the carbonyl group as carbon ___.

-al, 1

(Common names) In naming aldehydes, for the first four aldehydes, they use the prefixes:
__________ (1C)

___________(2C)

___________(3C)

___________(4C)
followed by __________

Form-

Acet-

Propion-

Butyr-

-aldehyde

Name this aldehyde

Methanal (formaldehyde)

Name this aldehyde

Ethanal (acetaldehyde)

Name this aldehyde

Propanal (propionaldehyde)

What are the aldehydes for these flavorings:
almonds: ______________
cinnamon: _______________

vanilla: _____________

benzaldehyde
cinnamaldehyde

vanillin

(IUPAC) In naming ketones, Name the longest carbon chain by replacing the e in the alkane name with _________;, the carbonyl group is indicated by _______-

-one, number

(COMMON NAME) In naming ketones, name by indicating the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group in __________ order, folllowed by ________.

alphabetical, ketone

Name this ketone

What are the common use of the ketone:
butanedione

as butter flavoring

Polar carbonyl

Polar carbonyl groups (does/does not) have H on the oxygen atom

does not

Polar carbonyl groups (can/cannot) form hydrogen bonds

cannot

Aldehydes and ketones have (polar/nonpolar) carbonyl groups

polar

Aldehydes and ketones have (attractions/repulsions) between polar groups

attractions

Aldehydes and ketones have (higher/lower) boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass

higher

Aldehydes and ketones are (soluble/insoluble) in water

soluble

Aldehydes and ketones have electronegative _____ atoms in their carbonyl groups that form ______ bonds with water

Oxygen, hydrogen

Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone

Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone

Name the following compounds

Name the following compounds

Draw the condensed forms of these compounds

Indicate if each of the following is or is not soluble in water: