protein production

Builds the protein.

ribosomes

Conveys information and instructions to ribosome.

mRNA

Contains anti-codons.

tRNA

Contains codons.

mRNA

Includes thymine.

DNA

Includes uracil.

mRNA

The double stranded molecule of genetic information.

DNA

The molecule located in nucleus.

DNA

Stores genetic information in the cell.

DNA

Provides amino acids to the ribosome.

tRNA

The single-stranded molecule of genetic information.

mRNA

Produced in the nucleus, and travels to cytoplasm.

mRNA

Converts DNA into mRNA.

transcription

Converts mRNA into proteins.

translation

DNA is involved in ____.

transcription

mRNA is involved in ____.

translation

____ occurs in cytoplasm.

translation

____ occurs in nucleus.

transcription

Ribosomes are involved in ____.

translation

RNA Polymerase is involved in ____.

transcription

tRNA is involved in ____.

translation

Where does the DNA molecule open up when a protein is needed?

Only at the gene needed.

When the RNA polymerase makes RNA, and "editing" process occurs. What happens during this "eukaryotic processing" in order to make mRNA?

Introns are removed, and exons are spliced together.

During eukaryotic processing, what molecule is first made?

DNA⟶???⟶mRNA

hnRNA

How many letters of RNA make up a single codon?

3

What is the start codon?

AUG

What are the three stop codons?

UAA, UAG, UGA

Enzymes are proteins that perform cell ____.

metabolism

An enzyme grabs a(n) ____ and converts it into a(n) ____.

substrate/end-product

If you change the shape of the enzyme, you have ____ it.

denatured

Any molecule that prevents the enzyme from performing its "job" is called a(n) ____.

inhibitor

If an inhibitor resembles the substrate, it attaches to the active site and is called a ____ inhibitor.

competitive

The term "gene expression" means that proteins are produced by the DNA. This is also called the "phenotype."

true

The enzyme ____ makes new DNA, and if it makes a mistake, can cause a mutation.

DNA Polymerase

Missense mutation

when a mutation results in a similar protein, with little effect, or major impact to the protein

Nonsense mutation

when a stop codon is inserted in the middle of the protein, severely altering it

Silent mutation

when a mutation results in the same protein, with no true impact

Insertion mutation

Causes a frameshift mutation, shifting nucleotides to the right. Often fatal to the cell.

Deletion mutation

Causes a frameshift mutation, shifting nucleotides to the left. Often fatal to the cell.

Substitution mutation

Substitutes on nucleotide for another. Effects range from no change to the protein, minor changes to the protein, or major changes.