facial bones

what is the patient position for lateral facial bones

RAO or LAO

where is the IOML for lateral facial bones

perpendicular with the front edge of the IR (the axis)

where is the central ray for lateral facial bones

halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM

what is the collimation of the lateral facial bones

6 × 10 inches

what is the eval criteria of the lateral facial bones

all facial bones with zygoma center

no rotation or tilt

superimposed ramis and orbital roofs

sella turcica in profile

what is the position of the waters facial bones

neck extension

MML perpend to IR

OML form 37 deg angle with IR

where is the central ray for waters facial bones

exits the acanthion

what is the collimation for waters facial bones

10 × 12

what is shown in waters facial bones

orbits, maxillae, and zygomatic arches

what is the eval criteria for waters facial bones

entire orbits and facial bones

no rotation or tilt

petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses

what is the positioning of the modified shallow waters for facial bones

less extension of neck

OML 55 deg of IR

what is modified shallow waters for facial bones used for

blowout fractures of the eye

where is the central ray for modified shallow waters for facial bones

exit acanthion

what is the eval criteria for modified shallow waters for facial bones

petrous ridges below orbits superimposing maxillary sinuses

orbital floor perpend with IR and parallel with CR

what is the positioning for caldwell facial bones

Patient's forehead and nose in contact with the IR, OML perpendicular to the IR

what is the central ray for caldwell for facial bones

angled at 15 deg caud exiting nasion

what is the collimation for caldwell

8 × 10

what is the eval criteria for caldwell facial bones

petrous ridges lower 3rd of orbits

no rotation or tilt

what is the positioning for lateral nasal bones

RAO/LAO

IPL perpend to tabletop

IOML parallel to transverse axis of IR

where is the CR of lateral nasal bones

1 inch distal to nasion

perpend to nose bridge

what is the eval criteria of lateral nasal bones

nasal bones, anterior nasal spine, and frontonasal suture

no rotation or tilt

what is the collimation for lateral nasal bones

3 × 3

what is the patient positioning for PA rami

OML and MSP perpend to IR whe

where does the CR for PA rami

exit the acanthion

what is the collimation for PA ramis

8 × 10

For lateral facial bones, what positioning line is perpendicular with the IR

interpupillary

what positioning line is parallel with the IR for lateral facial bones

IOML

what facial bone is in the center for lateral facial bones

zygoma

how should the OML be positioned for waters against the IR

37 deg

what is the breathing instruction for all facial bones

suspend breathing

what is touching it IR for PA mandibular rami

forehead and nose

what positioning line is perpendicular to the IR for PA mandibular ramis

OML

how does the spine affect the image of the PA mandibular Ramis

superimposes with the mandibular body

what is the CR angulation for PA axial mandibular Ramis and where is it

20-25 deg cephal exiting the acanthion

what is the collimation for PA axial mandibular Ramis

8 × 10

what is the eval criteria for PA axial mandibular rami

condylar processes shown

no rotation or tilt

entire mandibular

what is touching the IR for PA mandibular body

nose and chin

what positioning line nearly perpendicular for PA mandibular body

AML

what is parallel to the IR for PA mandibular body

mandibular symphysis

where does the CR at for PA mandibular body

at the lvl of the lips and center to IR

what is the collimation for PA mandibular body

8 × 10

what is the eval criteria for PA mandibular body

no tilt or rotation

entire mandibular body

what is the positioning for PA axial mandibular body

Same as PA mandibular body

AML perpend symphysis parallel

how was the CR angled for PA axial mandibular body

30 deg midway be the tmjs

what is the collimation for PA axial mandibular body

8 × 10

what is the evil criteria for PA mandibular body

TMJs inferior of mastoid process

no tilt or rotation

what is the positioning for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique

upright in anterior oblique position or semi prone/supine

how is the head rotated for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique to show ramis

true lateral

how is the head rotated for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique to show body

30 deg towards IR

how is the head rotated for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique to show symphysis

45 deg towards IR

how is the CR angled and where is it for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique

angled 25 deg cephalic through the region of interest

what is the collimation for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique

no more than 8 × 10

what is the eval criteria for axiolateral/axiolateral oblique for ramis and the body

mandible parallel to IR

no overlapping of the ramis with the other side

no elongation or foreshortening of ramus or body

no superimposition of ramus with C spine

what is the eval criteria for the axiolateral/axiolateral oblique for the symphysis

no overlap with the mentum region by the opposite side of the mandible

no foreshortening of the mentum

what is the position of SMV mandible

neck extended with head vertex on IR

IOML perpend to IR

what do you do when IOML cannot be perpendicular to the IR for SMV mandible

angle IR enough so that IOML becomes perpend

where does the CR go for SMV mandible

midway bw mandibular angles (angled CR)

perpend with IOML

what is the collimation for SMV mandible

no longer than 8 × 10

what structures are shown on SMV mandible

coronoid and condyloid processes

what is the eval criteria of SMV mandible

no rotation or tilt

symphysis extending almost anterior boarder of the face

condyles are anterior to pars petrosal

what is the positioning for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

supine or upright with posterior skull against IR

OML perpend to IR

where and what angle is the CR for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

35 deg caudad

3 inch above nasion

closed mouth and open mouth

what is the collimation for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

no longer than 8 × 10

what are the structured shown for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

condyles and fossae of temporal bones

what is the eval criteria for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

for closed mouth

no rotation

minimal superimposition of petrosa on condyle

what is the eval criteria for AP axial TMJs (modified Townes)

for open mouth

no rotation

condyle and temporomandibular articulation below pars petrosa

what is the difference between AP axial TMJs (modified Townes) open mouth and closes mouth

condyles below petrous ridges vs condyles very close to petrous ridges

what is the positioning for axiolateral TMJs

head in lateral position centered at 0.5 inch anterior to EAM

IPL perpend to IR

affected side on IR

what is the angle and where is the CR for axiolateral TMJs

25 to 30 deg caudad

0.5 inch anterior and 2 inch superior EAM

what is the collimation of axiolateral TMJs

no longer than 8 × 10

1 inch beyond skin posterior and inferior to TMJs

what are the structured shown for axiolateral TMJs

TMJ open and close mouth with both sides

what is the eval criteria for axiolateral TMJs for open mouth

TMJ anterior to EAM

condyles inferior to articular tubercle

what is the eval criteria for axiolateral TMJs for close mouth

TMJs anterior to EAM

condyle in the mandibular fossa

what is the positioning for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral)

upright or semi prone

centered ½ inch anterior to EAM

head rotated 15 deg to IR

IPL perpend to IR

AML parallel to IR

where and is the CR angled for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral)

15 deg caudad

exit through TMJ close to the IR

what is the collimation for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral)

5 × 5

extends from outer canthus

what is the structures shows for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral) for open mouth

condyles and the necks of the mandible

mandibular fossa and condyle

what is the structures shows for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral) for closed mouth

fractures of the neck and condyles can be seen

what is the eval criteria for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral) for open mouth

TMJ articulation

condyle is interior to articular tubercle

what is the eval criteria for axiolateral oblique TMJs (modified Law/ lazy lateral) for close mouth

TMJ articulation

condyle lying in mandibular fossa

what is the positioning for lateral orbits

outer canthus of affect eye on IR

IPL perpend

MSP parallel

IOML perpend

what is the CR for lateral orbits

perpend to outer canthus

what is the eval criteria for lateral orbits

no rotation

superimposed orbital roofs

what is the positioning of PA axial orbit (exaggerated caldwell)

Forehead and nose on IR

IR centered at ¾ inch distal to nasion

OML perpend

what is the CR angulation for PA axial orbits

30 deg caudad

through center of orbits

what is the eval criteria for PA axial orbits

petrous ridges below orbital shadow

no rotation

what is the CR for modified waters for orbits

perpend to mid orbits

what is the eval criteria for modified waters of orbits

entire orbits

petrous ridges below orbital shadow

no rotation