GOVT-2306 -- Chap. 1

political culture

broadly shared values beliefs, and attitudes about how the government should function and politics should operate

american political culture emphasizes

liberty, equality, and democracy

three political culture categories

moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic

moralistic political culture

obligation for community welfare

individualistic political culture

private initiative with minimum government interference

traditionalistic political culture

government to preserve tradition and existing social order

texas political culture

traditionalistic-moralistic

brokerage party

win office at cost of ideological principles

ideological party

present ideological principles to win office

provincialism

small worldview

federalism

system of government in which power is divided by a constitution between a central government and regional governments

supremacy clause states that

“federal laws are supreme law of the land”

three types of powers

enumerated, reserved, and implied

enumerated powers

clearly stated powers

reserved powers

powers not given to the federal government (10th amend)

implied powers

powers implied but not stated (necessary and proper clause/elastic clause)

judicial review

judicial ability to strike down actions of other two branches of government

marbury v madison

established judicial review

social contract theory

people’s right to overthrow an illegitimate government

jacksonian democracy

philosophy that right to vote should extend to all adult male citizens and all government offices of importance should be filled via election

radical republicans

wanted sweeping social change in south after civil war

obnoxious acts

powers that consolidated political power in the governorship

white v texas (1869)

made america “indestructible union” from which no state may succede

texas constitution article 1

bill of rights

texas constitution article 2

powers of government

implied powers are found in the

necessary and proper clause

dual-federalism

no shared powers between federal government/states (from founding of u.s. to 1930s)

cooperative federalism

shared powers (from 1930s to the present)

most democracies are

unitary

concurrent powers

powers shared between federal government/states

police powers

state has ability to regulate health, safety, morals of citizens. states define/regulate private property

full faith and credit clause

“states must recognize acts of other states”

comity clause/privileges and immunities clause

“all citizens from outside a given state enjoy privileges granted to citizens of said state”

grants-in-aid

funds provided by federal government to state/local governments for specific purpose

categorical grants

funds provided to state/local governments for fairly narrow purpose, many strings attached

project grants

highly competitive

formula grants

have to meet the numbers to apply

block grant

provides money for broad, general policy area

federal preemption

act of congress adopting regulatory policies that overrule state policies in particular regulatory area

federal mandate

requirements placed on state/local government by national government requiring certain policy actions

unfunded federal mandate

requirements placed on state/local government by national government requiring certain policy actions, but no funds are provided by federal government

fiscal persuasion

when federal government withholds funding to force compliance

new federalism (1972)

devolve more policy to the state, “returning power” (nixon)

devolution

turning programs over to the states

new federalism aimed to

turn power over to the states

plessy v furguson upheld

“separate but equal”

mcculloch v maryland upheld

“implied power” under the necessary and proper clause

what powers do states retain?

police powers, concurrent powers, 10th amend (powers not reserved to the federal government are granted to states)

delgado v bastrop isd

made illegal to designate buildings for mexican-americans

hernandez v state of texas

served as forerunner of future decisions prohibiting discrimination by gender, disability, and sexual orientation

Minnie Fisher Cunningham

advocate for women’s rights

first state to ratify 19th amend

texas

obergefell v hodges (2015)

legalized same-sex marriage

bostock v clayton county

protects employees against discrimination

civil liberties

freedom from government interference

civil rights

rights protected by the government

constitutionalism

adherence to a constitutional government

virginia plan

votes based on population

new jersey plan

favored small states

connecticut plan

bi-cameral compromise

article 1 — legislation

• enumerated powers (specified)

• longest

10th amendment (texas)

reserved power

texas house

• 435 members

• 2 year terms

• elected by the people

texas senate

• 100 members

• 6 year term

incombent

re-running senator

article 2

executive

what makes up the electoral college votes?

house and senate

how many electoral college votes are there?

40

texas electoral college voting system

winner take all

two states that can split electoral college votes

maine and nebraska

article 3

judicial

how many amendments are in the texas constitution?

507 (2nd longest state constitution)

unitary system

power flows from central government only

herndon v nixon

struck down texas law forbidding black people from voting in democratic primary

coercive federalism

force states to change their policy

preemption

cases where national government imposes priorities on states

1860 constitution

masters could not free slaves without approval

1869 constitution

increased power of the governor, centralized state authority, consolidated power

1876 constitution

limited governor power, judiciaries elected by the people

state constitution of 1827 made texas ______________

district of bexar