History 111 Study Guide for Unit 3 - Early and High Middle Ages

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Early and High Middle Ages for exam preparation.

Islam

A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad in the 7th century in Mecca.

Koran

The holy book of Islam containing revelations from Allah to Muhammad.

Five Pillars of Islam

The five basic acts of worship in Islam: profession of faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage to Mecca, and charity.

Battle of Tours

A battle in 732 that halted the westward expansion of Islam into Europe.

Monasticism

A religious way of life involving asceticism and communal living, preserving learning in the Middle Ages.

Manorialism

An economic system in the Middle Ages where the lord's estate provided food and security for peasants.

Charlemagne

King of the Franks who expanded his kingdom and promoted the Carolingian Renaissance.

Feudalism

A social system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for military service or labor.

Chivalry

The ethical code of knights that emphasized bravery, honor, and respect for women.

Investiture ceremony

A formal act of granting authority and property to a vassal by a lord.

Vikings

Scandinavian seafarers who raided and settled across Europe from the 8th to 11th centuries.

Magna Carta

A 1215 charter limiting the powers of the king and establishing the principle of legal oversight.

Common Law

A legal system based on custom and court rulings, common across the kingdom.

Crusades

A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period, aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land.

Gelasian doctrine

The doctrine that delineates the roles of the Church and the state, stating that the Church rules spiritual matters, while the state rules secular matters.

Carolingian Renaissance

The revival of art, culture, and learning based during the reign of Charlemagne.