Feb 18 Bone Tissue Lecture

Neuromuscular Skeletal

The study of why we move, how we move, and the connections within the body related to bones and muscles.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that communicate signals related to bone health and maintenance.

Diaphysis

The shaft or main middle area of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The two ends of a long bone, including proximal and distal parts.

Periosteum

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Compact Bone

The hard, dense outer layer of bone that houses osteons and provides strength.

Spongy Bone

A lighter, less dense inner layer of bone consisting of a network of trabeculae.

Red Marrow

Bone marrow responsible for producing blood cells.

Yellow Marrow

Fatty marrow that is found in the cavities of long bones and serves as energy storage.

Endochondral Ossification

The process of bone development from hyaline cartilage, primarily during fetal development.

Intramembranous Ossification

The process by which flat bones develop between two layers of connective tissue.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build new bone by creating the bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down or resorb bone tissue.

Appositional Growth

The process of increasing bone thickness through the addition of new bone tissue.

Interdigitating Growth

Growth that occurs in length at the epiphyseal plates of long bones.

Canaliculi

Tiny channels that connect lacunae and facilitate communication between osteocytes.

Hyaline Cartilage

A type of cartilage that is a precursor for long bones during endochondral ossification.

Trauma Fracture

A break in the bone that occurs due to high force impact or stress.

Growth Plate

The area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones, crucial for lengthwise growth.

Bony Callus

A type of new bone that forms during the healing process after a fracture.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells found in bone marrow that can become various types of blood cells.

Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

Markers on blood cells that are important for matching donors and recipients in stem cell transplants.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, making bones more fragile.

Collagen

A protein that provides flexibility and strength to the bone matrix.

Rickets

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft and weakened bones in children.

Osteomalacia

Softening of bones due to inadequate mineralization, often related to vitamin D deficiency in adults.