electronegativity and polarity

what is electronegativity

how strongly an atom can pull the bonded pair of electrons towards themselves

what is the most electronegative element

fluorine

how is electronegativity measured

on the Pauling scale

how does electronegativity increase on the periodic table

as you go up and right

are they ionic or covenant bonds

if they are the same element they are covenant

if they have a small difference in electronegativity they will be polar covalent

if they have a big diff in electronegativity (above 1.8) they are ionic

where is the electron pair in a non polar bond

in then middle

where is the electron pair in a polar bond

nearer the more electronegative atom

what does it mean if a bond if a bond is polar

one side of the molecule will have a partial positive charge while the other will have a partial negative charge (a dipole)

if a dipole doesn’t change it is called what

a permanent dipole

when do dipoles form (what shapes)

when the molecule doesn’t have a symmetrical shape

what happens to polar solvents in water

they dissolve