Unit 4 Vocabulary AP GOV

Public Opinion

The total of public expression regarding a specific issue or event.

Individualism

Political and economic independence of the individual, stressing individual initiative, action, and interests.

Core Values

The deeply ingrained principles that guide all of a company's actions, serving as cultural cornerstones.

Equality of opportunity

Each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life.

Free enterprise

An economic system where private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.

Rule of law

All citizens and government institutions are subject to the law and the justice system.

Ideology

The basic beliefs or guiding principles of a person or group.

Liberal Ideologies

Beliefs that the government should intervene in the economy and provide social services to ensure well-being and equality.

Conservative ideologies

Beliefs that government should be small with minimal interference in the economy, favoring private sector-based solutions.

Libertarian ideologies

Individual freedom, personal autonomy, and minimal government intervention in personal and economic matters.

Political socialization

The process by which people develop their sense of political identity, beliefs, and values.

Globalization

The speedup of movements and exchanges of people, goods, services, capital, technologies, or cultural practices around the planet.

Generational effects

Significant historical or cultural events that can permanently affect the political attitudes of people who lived through them.

Life cycle effects

Fluctuations in political beliefs due to life events that typically occur at particular points in a lifespan.

Population

The whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region.

Sample

A representative part or single item from a larger whole, used for inspection or evidence of quality.

Sampling error

The difference between an estimate for a population based on sample data and the true population value.

Opinion polls

To gauge public opinion on specific issues or candidates.

Benchmark polls

The first polls taken in a campaign, often before a candidate announces their bid for office.

Tracking polls

Polls repeated periodically with the same group of people to measure changes in opinion or knowledge.

Exit polls

Polls based on interviews conducted on Election Day with randomly selected voters.

Ideological polarization

The increasing ideological distance and division between political groups.

Fiscal policy

Using government spending and taxation to influence the economy.

Keynesian economics

Supports an active role of the government in regulating the marketplace.

Supply-side economics

Supports a limited role for the government in regulating the marketplace.

Federal Reserve (the Fed)?

A system that regulates currency exchanges, member banks, and uses monetary policies to combat inflation and deflation.