APUSH VOCAB UNIT 3

Quatering Act

(1765) This act required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies

Pontiac’s Rebellion

First major test of the new British imperial policy came in 1763 when Chief Pontiac led an attack against colonial settlements on the western frontiers

Natives were angered by the growing westward movement of the european settlers onto their land

• They destroyed forts and settlements from NY to VA

Result of the Proclamation of 1763

Proclamation of 1763

British government issued a proclamation that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Hoped that limiting settlements would prevent future hostilities between colonists and Natives

Colonists reacted with anger, thousands streamed westward past the imaginary boundary line drawn by the British ←they initially hoped to reap benefits in the form of access to western land

Stamp Act

Required revenue stamps be placed on most printed paper in the colonies (1765)

First direct tax paid by the people

Used to raise funds to support British military forces in the colonies

Parliament voted to repeal the Stamp Act in 1766

Declaratory Act

This act asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

Stamp Act was repealed in the same year. Few colonists at the time noted that Parliament had also enacted the Declaratory Act (1766)

Albany Plan of Union

Developed by Benjamin Franklin

Provided for an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from various colonies for common defense

British gov. called for reps from several colonies to meet in congress at Albany NY after recognizing the need for coordinating colonial defense. ← Each colony was too concerned about preserving its own taxation powers to accept the plan

Sugar Act

(1764) This act placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries 

Its supporters wanted to regulate the sugar trade and to raise revenue

Also known as the Revenue Act of 1764

Battle of Saratoga

A pivotal American victory in the Revolutionary War that became known as the turning point of the war

British tried to cut off New England from the rest of the states

Very good diplomatic outcome: France, Holland, and Spain entered the war against Britain

Battle of Yorktown

The last major battle of the Revolutionary War

Supported by French naval and military forces 

Washington’s army forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Charles Cornwallis

Patriots (Rebels)

Colonists who opposed British rule and wanted independence from Britain

Fought against the British and Tories during the American Revolution

Valley Forge 1777

Encampment where George Washington’s poorly equipped army spent a long, freezing winter (1777-1778)

Encampment happened after losing Philadelphia

British occupation of American ports resulted in sacred goods

Treaty of Paris 1783

Signed a peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War

1. British would recognize the existence of the U.S. as an independent nation

2. Mississippi River would be the western boundary of that nation

3. Americans would have fihsing rights off the coast of Canada

4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the War

Loyalists (Tories)

Those who maintained allegiance to the king

American colonists who remained loyal to the Crown, opposing the independence movement

Almost 60,000 American Tories fought next to British soldiers

Tea Act

(1773) Made the price of the company’s tea (with tax included) cheaper than the smuggled Dutch tea

Many Americans refused to buy the cheaper tea because it would recognize Parliament’s right to tax the colonies

Act was put in place becaused: Colonists continued their refusal to buy British tea because the British insisted on their right to collect tax on it

Minutemen

Colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a moment’s notice during the American Revolution

Townshed Acts

Partliament enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper. Also provided for the search of private homes for smuggled goods

Revenue would be used to pay crown officials in the colonies 

Lord Frederick North (newly elected prime minister) urged Parliament to repeal the Act because it damaged trade and generated a disappointingly small amount of revenue

First Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates from 12/13 American colonies that took place in Philadelphia 1774 to respond to what the delegates viewed as Britain’s alarmingn threats to their liberties

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that asrgued that the colonies should become independent states and break all poitical ties with the British monarchy

Pamphlet spread rapidly throughout the colonies and ignited public demands for independence

Second Continental Congress

a gathering of delegates from the 13 colonies in Philadelphia in May 1775 after the fighting broke out in Massachusetts

Congress was divided; 1 group wanted independence while the other wanted negotiation

Lexington & Concord

April 19th, 1775

The first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War

Marked the outbreak of open conflict between the British and colonial forces

Declaration of Independence

A historic document adopted on July 4th, 1776, in which the American colonies declared their separation from British rule

Congress gradually began to favor independece

Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution declaring independence. Five delegates (+Thomas Jefferson) formed a committee to write a statement in support of Lee’s resolution

Committees of Correspondence

Network of communication established among the American colonies in the early 1770s ←initiated by Sammuel Adams

Adams began the practice of organizing committees that would regularly exchange letters about suspicious or potentially threatening British activities

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A secret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax agents. Members of this society sometimes destroyed revenue stamps and tarred and feathered revenue officials

Protest against the Stamp Act took a violent turn with the formation of this secret society

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution

Anti-federalists wanted a BOR

Federalists

Supporters of the Constitution and its strong federal government

Great Compromise

Addressed concerns by combining elements from both the Virginia and New Jersey plans

It created a bicameral (two-house) Congress

Articles of Confederation

The first written Constitution of the U.S. in 1781

Republican Motherhood

Educating women so they could teach their children the values of the new republic and their roles as citizens

Women were actively engaged in the struggled, it influenced how many women viewed their role in societyW

Northwest Ordinance

Established clear criteria for how territories could transition into states

One of the accomplishments made under the Articles of Confederation

Shay’s Rebellion

Daniel Shays led other farmers in an uprising against high state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper money

They stopped the collection of taxes and forced the closing of debtor’s courts

Pinckney’s Treaty

Signed in 1795 between the U.S. and Spain, establishing friendly relations and settling border disputes

Treaty granted the U.S. access to the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans, allowing for greater trade

Alien & Sedition Acts

Alien: Allowed the president to deport any alien considered ‘dangerous‘ to the peace and safety of the nation
Sedition: Made it a crime to publish false, scandalous, or malicious writing against the government

Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic incident between the U.S. and France in the late 18th century

Undeclared naval war with France + strengthened anti-French sentiment in the U.S.

Jay’s Treaty

Aimed to resolve outstanding conflicts with Britani while avoiding war

Laid groundwork for future negotiations

Democratic-Republicans

Anti-federalist

Argued for states rights + had limited view of federal gov.

First opposition political party

Whiskey Rebellion

An armed insurrection that took place in western Pennsylvania in 1794

Farmers rebelled in protest of a federal excise tax on whiskey enacted by Congress in 1791

U.S. Constitution

Outlines the framework of the national government

Establishes the rights and liberties of the American people

Created after the Articles

Revolution of 1800

The election of 1800 against the 2 parties, Republican Jefferson and Federalist Adams

Called a revolution because it produced the first orderly transger of power from one party to another without violence