aphg maps

maps

tools that depict spatial patterns

spatial patterns

how and where different geographic features occur on the earth’s surface

elevation

measures the height of geographic features relative to sea level

clustering + dispersal

shows how different phenomena are organized across an area

absolute distance

distance that can be measured in feet or miles

relative distance

measures social, cultural, or political differences or similarities between two locations

absolute direction

cardinal directions (north, east, south, west)

relative direction

describes one location in reference to another

reference map

shows where things are on earth

physical reference map

shows locations of natural features of an area

political reference map

shows locations of human created features

thematic map

add data and information to maps

choropleth map

uses shading to show statistics

isoline map

used to show elevation and weather variables

cartogram map

show statistical data through changes in size

dot density map

uses dots to represent feature and occurrence

graduated symbol map

size of symbol indicates different amounts

map features

include title, legend/key, scale, and compass rose

mercator projection

• shows latitude and longitude

• good for determining true direction

• increase distortion further north or south

peters projection

• depicts continents according to the true size of landmass

• distorted shapes

good homolosine projection

• accurate shapes of landmasses

• distorted oceans

polar projection

• views world from north or south pole

• true directions

• accurate land shapes toward the middle

• increased distortion away from the center

robinson projection

• compromise between mercator and peters projections

• minimal distortion in landmasses

• preferred by modern geographers