Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to HIV and AIDS, emphasizing important concepts from the lecture notes.

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a condition caused by HIV characterized by a severe depression of cellular immunity.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the etiologic agent of AIDS that attacks the immune system.

Retrovirus

A type of virus that uses reverse transcription to replicate its genome.

Koch’s Postulates

A series of criteria used to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

CD4+ T lymphocytes

A type of immune cell that is targeted and killed by HIV.

Transfusion-associated AIDS

AIDS that develops in recipients of infected blood transfusions.

Epidemiologic studies

Studies that investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specific populations.

Genetic diversity

The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

Cofactors

Factors that may increase susceptibility to infection or disease.

Mother-to-child transmission

The passage of HIV from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.