BIO-50A - CH.6

Flashcards about the skeletal system

What is the skeletal system's primary function?

Muscle framework connected by ligaments and moved by muscles.

Which part of the skeletal system protects red bone marrow?

Rib cage

What is the mineral storage function of the skeletal system?

Stores calcium salts and regulates blood calcium levels.

What system is found inside compact bone?

Haversian canals.

What is articular cartilage?

Smooth cartilage.

What is the periosteum?

Fibrous connective tissue that covers the diaphysis.

Where are long bones located?

Arms and legs.

Where are short bones located?

Fingers and toes.

Where are flat bones located?

Ribs, pelvic, cranial, scapula

Where are irregular bones located?

Vertebrae, facial bones

What is the embryonic skeleton made of?

Cartilage

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Produce bone matrix during ossification.

Where does growth occur in long bones?

Occurs at junctions between diaphysis and epiphysis, stops when cartilage replaced.

What is the function of the fontanel?

Allows for birth canal passage.

What are the carpals of the wrist?

8 bones in 2 rows of 4, allows for gliding joint movement.

What is the function of ligaments?

Connect bones to bones, strengthen joint capsule.

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Dissolve and reabsorb bone.

Name three factors that impact growth and homeostasis of bones.

Genes, Nutrition, Hormones

What is the function of Vitamin D?

Absorption of calcium.

Which gland produces the growth hormone that affects bone growth?

Anterior pituitary gland.

How many cranial and facial bones are there?

8 cranial bones encasing the brain, 14 facial bones.

What are sinuses in facial bones?

Air cavities in the facial bones.

What is the function of auditory bones?

Transmit vibrations from eardrum to inner ear.

What is the function of the vertebral column?

Supports skull and trunk, protects spinal cord.

What is the function of the rib cage and thoracic cage?

Protects lungs and heart.

What is the sternum?

Breastbone - Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

What is the pelvis?

2 hip bones forming the Pubis, ilium, ischium and articulates w/ sacrum

What is Appendicular Skeleton?

Arms and legs with shoulder and pelvic girdles.

What is the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle (collar bone) + Scapula (shoulder blade)

Where is the Humerus bone located?

Scapula to elbow

Name the two bones in the forearm.

Radius (thumb side) and Ulna (articulates w/ humerus + carpals)

Name the bones of the pelvic girdle.

Ilium, ischium, pubis and articulates with femur

What is the femur?

Articulates pelvic bone -> tibia

Where is the Patella located?

In front of quadriceps femoris + tendon

Name the bones of the lower leg

Tibia (larger weight-bearing bone) and Fibula (thinner, attaches muscles & stabilizes the ankle)

Name the bones in the foot.

Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14)

What is a symphysis joint?

Slightly movable joint with cartilage

What are the types of joints based on movement?

Immovable (Synarthroses), Slightly movable (Amphiarthroses), Freely movable (Diarthroses)

What is the Synovial Membrane?

Connective tissue that lines capsule

What is the Bursa?

Sac of synovial fluid that cushions the joint