Module 7.2: Abraham Maslow - Holistic-Dynamic Theory

needs

motivation of humans according to maslow

self-actualization

people have the potential to grow toward psychological health, that is, _______________.

psychoanalysis and behaviorism

theories that Maslow criticized for their limited views of humanity and their inadequate understanding of the psychologically healthy person.

motivation as holistic approach

the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated.

motivation is complex

a person's behavior may spring from several separate motives

Hierarchy of Needs

Needs are arranged in a five-tier order, where lower needs must be met before higher needs.

connotative needs

hierarchy of needs is also called _____________, meaning they have a striving or motivational character, pushing individuals toward personal growth.

physiological needs, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization

the five connotative needs

Physiological Needs

Most basic survival needs like food, water, and shelter.

Safety Needs

The need for security, stability, and protection from harm.

Love and Belongingness Needs

The desire for relationships, friendship, and a sense of belonging.

Esteem Needs

The need for self-respect, achievement, and recognition.

reputation and self-esteem

the two levels of esteem needs

Self-Actualization Needs

The need to fulfill one's potential and pursue personal growth.

aesthetic needs, cognitive needs, neurotic needs

the three higher-level "growth" needs

Aesthetic Needs

The desire for beauty, order, and harmony in life.

Cognitive Needs

The drive to gain knowledge, solve problems, and understand the world.

Neurotic Needs

Unhealthy needs that do not contribute to personal growth.

85%; 70%; 50%; 40%; 10%

Hypothetical average of needs satisfaction:

· physiological =

· safety =

· love and belongingness =

· esteem =

· self-actualization =

reversed order of needs

This happens when the needs do not go in the hierarchical order

Unmotivated Behavior

Behavior not driven by needs but by reflexes, maturation, or external factors.

Expressive Behaviors

Non-motivated actions that reflect personality, such as mannerisms and handwriting.

deprivation of needs

lack of satisfaction of any of the basic needs leads to some kind of pathology

Metapathology

Psychological distress resulting from the lack of fulfillment of higher needs.

Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer

are different from average people. Malow's basis of Self-Actualizers.

self-actualization

the process by which people achieve their full potential

It includes self-fulfillment, the realization of all one's potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word.

B-Values

Ultimate or meta needs like truth, justice, simplicity, and creativity that self-actualized individuals embrace.