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Ecology and Behavior
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Behavior
what an animal does and how it does it
Ethology
study of behavior
Proximate cause
how a behavior occurs or is modified
Ultimate cause
why a behavior in the context of natural selection
Innate behaviors
Developmentally fixed
Automatic “built in”
All individuals do them
Movement
Kinesis, Migration
Kinesis
random movement in a response to a stimulus
Migration
Regular, long-distance change in location
Movement - environmental ques
Sun, stars, Earth's magnetic field, landmarks
Types of communication
Auditory, Visual, Tactile (touch), Pheromones, Dancing
Pheromones
Chemical substances that attract other animals usually in mating through smell
Learned behaviors
Modified by experience
Flexible with the environment
Complex
Imprinting
a long-lasting behavioral response in an individual - both learned and innate
Associative learning
associate one stimulus with another
Classical conditioning
An arbitrary (opinionated) stimulus associated with a particular outcome
Operant conditioning
Trial and error learning
Social learning
learning by observing others
Foraging
Food obtaining behavior - searching for food/capturing items
Mating systems
Monogamy, Polygamy, Polygyny, Polyandry
Monogamy
male-female pair
Polygamy
an individual of one sex mating with several of the other sex
Polygyny
one male, many females
Polyandry
one female, many males