Unit 9: Stoichiometry

Flashcards for Stoichiometry Review

Stoichiometry

The study of the quantitative relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical change or chemical reaction.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Mole Ratio

The ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reactant/Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction and limits the amount of product that can be formed.

Excess Reactant/Reagent

The reactant that is present in a greater amount than necessary to react completely with the limiting reactant.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactant, assuming complete conversion.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage ((Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100%).

Grams to Moles Conversion

Divide the number of grams by the molar mass of the substance.

Moles to Atoms/Molecules Conversion

Multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23).

Liters to Moles Conversion (at STP)

Divide the number of liters by the molar volume of a gas at STP (22.4 L/mol).

Liters to Atoms/Molecules Conversion (at STP)

Divide the number of liters by 22.4 L/mol to get moles, then multiply by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23).

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acetone with oxygen?

C3H6O + 4O2 -> 3CO2 + 3H2O

How do you calculate percent yield?

(Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) * 100%

What is the formula for determining the concentration of a solution in a neutralization reaction?

M1V1 = M2V2 (after ensuring the chemical equation is balanced)

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

PV = nRT