anatomy pt.3 bobab

RNA

single stranded polynucleotide; carries out protein synthesis

DNA

molecules store information for cells to use in synthesizing protein molecules

nucleic acid

ncludes atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; form genes and participate in protein synthesis

fats

store energy for activities within the cell

Monosaccharides

simple sugars; includes glucose, fructose, and galactose

fatty acids

building blocks of lipids; bond with a glycerol molecule

Disaccharides

double sugars

Phospholipids

consists of two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group

Inorganic

chemicals lacking carbon atoms

lipids

organic substances which are insoluble in water, but soluble in specific organic solvents

Carbohydrates

consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; provides energy needed by the cell

Organic

chemicals including both carbon and hydrogen atoms

sugars

smallest carbohydrates; found in food and the body

steroid

consists of complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Amino acids

join together to form proteins

Conformation

hree-dimensional shape; determines a protein function

Proteins

functions as receptors on cell surfaces; composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Nucleotides

building blocks for nucleic acids

Elements

chemical substance with only one type of atom

Chemical bond

attractive force holding atoms together

electron

small, negatively charged particle that encircles the nucleus of an atom

Protons

positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus

neutrons

electrically neutral subatomic particle

atomic number

number of protons in an atom of an element

atomic weight

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element

Isotopes

atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element by a different number of neutrons in its nucleus

Ionic bond

chemical bond that results when two ions form by transfer of electrons

Covalent bond

chemical bond formed by electron sharing between atoms

Hydrogen bond

the attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

acids

substance that ionizes in water to release hydrogen ions

base

substance that ionizes in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) or other ions that combine with hydrogen ions

pH

a shorthand system that indicates the acidic or alkaline condition of a solution; values range from 0 to 14. Technically the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration

Buffer

ubstance that can react with a strong acid or base to form a weaker acid or base and thus resist a change in pH