Science Y8: 8E (Combustion) Chemistry

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Hydrocarbon

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A compound made only of carbon and hydrogen.

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Fuels

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Many fuels are mainly hydrocarbons.

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32 Terms

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Hydrocarbon

A compound made only of carbon and hydrogen.

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Fuels

Many fuels are mainly hydrocarbons.

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Combustion

An exothermic reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings.

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Hydrocarbon combustion equation

Hydrocarbon + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide.

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Oxidation

A reaction where substances react with oxygen.

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Metal oxidation equation

Metal + oxygen → metal oxide.

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Carbon dioxide test

Turns limewater milky.

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Hydrogen test

Burns with a squeaky pop.

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Water test

Turns blue cobalt chloride pink and anhydrous copper sulfate blue.

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Thermal decomposition

Hydrated copper sulfate loses water to form anhydrous copper sulfate.

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Conservation of mass

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.

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Mass changes in reactions

Metals appear to gain mass when reacting with oxygen, fuels appear to lose mass as gases escape.

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Phlogiston theory

Old theory stating substances release phlogiston when burned.

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Fire triangle

Oxygen, heat, and fuel are required for a fire to burn.

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Fire extinguishers

Remove heat or oxygen to stop fires.

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Oil fires

Water causes oil to splatter and spread the fire.

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Hazard symbols

Indicate why substances must be handled carefully.

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Complete combustion

Fuel reacts fully with oxygen, producing only carbon dioxide and water.

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Incomplete combustion

Produces carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and carbon (soot).

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Sulfur combustion

Sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide.

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Nitrogen combustion

Nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen oxides.

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Pollution

Burning fossil fuels harms habitats.

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Acid rain

Caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

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Neutralization

Used to remove acidic gases from power stations.

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Catalytic converters

Remove carbon monoxide and other pollutants.

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Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases trap heat and warm the Earth.

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Energy absorption

Most energy from the Sun is absorbed, increasing temperature.

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Carbon dioxide

A greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

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Global warming

Temperature increase due to excess carbon dioxide.

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Climate change

Predicted effects of global warming.

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Reducing carbon dioxide

The best way to control global warming.

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