CARDIAC EFFECTS ON THE WAVEFORM vascular unit 1

What can happen? what are the different things that affect the look of the waveforms

Cardiac Arrythmias

◦ Bigeminy

◦ Brady/Tachycardia

◦ Poor Ejection Fraction

◦ Aortic Valve Stenosis

◦ Aortic Insufficiency

How do I measure the waveform?

◦ Cardiac arrythmia - Bigeminy

Select and average two consecutive waves

◦ Select three consecutive similar waves

◦ Wait for the heart to return to normal rhythm

◦ Use velocity ratios

what is this waveform showing?

Cardiac Arrythmia: irregular heartbeat

what is this waveform showing?

Cardiac Arrythmia

what is this waveform showing?

Bigeminy: irregular beat that

is followed by a normal beat

what is this waveform showing?

Bradycardia: slow heartbeat

what is this waveform showing?

Tachycardia: rapid heartbeat

How can I measure the waveform?

◦ Poor Ejection Fraction / define it

Diminished flow throughout cardiac cycle

◦ Blood flow will not reach the “high” velocities expected with a stenosis

◦ Use velocity ratio

Poor Ejection Fraction

How can I measure the waveform?

◦ Aortic Valve Stenosis

Typically, will be diagnosed prior to ultrasound

◦ Dampened waveform in bilateral carotid system

◦ Overall lower velocities

◦ Use velocity ratio

what waveform is this

Aortic Valve Stenosis

How do I measure the waveform?

◦ Aortic Valve Insufficiency

Pulsus Bisferiens: double systolic peak

◦ Measure the first peak

◦ Diminished end diastole

◦ Difference between an ICA occlusion & aortic valve insufficiency is

that the occlusion is typically unilateral

what waveform is this

Aortic Insufficiency