Pol Sci ETA

The supreme law of the land, which serves as the foundation of the entire legal system, defining the structure of government, fundamental rights of citizens, and basic principles of governance.

Constitutional Laws

The framework of the Philippine government that outlines citizen rights and government structure, and invalidates any laws inconsistent with it.

1987 Constitution

Laws passed by the Philippine Congress and signed by the President, covering a wide range of subjects such as taxation and social welfare.

Statutory Laws (Republic Acts)

A Republic Act that provides special protection of children against abuse, exploitation, and discrimination.

R.A. 7610

Ratified agreements by the Senate that become part of domestic laws, such as those created by the United Nations.

Treaties and International Agreements

An international treaty that emphasizes the rights and protection of children and is integrated into Philippine law.

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989

Orders issued by the President to direct the operation of the government, having the force of law regarding executive functions.

Executive Orders

An executive order that governs the operations of the executive branch and defines its roles.

E.O. 292

Laws issued by the President during the Martial Law period that remain valid unless repealed or declared unconstitutional.

Presidential Decrees

The proclamation that declared Martial Law in the Philippines.

Proclamation 1081

Laws passed by local government units (LGUs) that applying within their respective jurisdictions.

Ordinances

An ordinance that prohibits smoking products within a local government unit.

C.O. 17-072

A concise summary of the bill's purpose and scope.

Title of a Bill

A shorter version of the title used for reference purposes.

Short Title

Section of a bill containing the intent, goals, and scope it aims to achieve.

Statement of Policy

The main part that describes the specifics of what the bill is about.

Body of a Bill

Clause used when repealing or amending an existing law.

Repealing Clause

Clause stating that if any part of the bill violates the constitution, the rest can still be applied.

Separability Clause

Clause that specifies the date when the law will take effect.

Effective Clause

To review and approve bills, conduct hearings, and provide oversight on government functions.

Roles of the Philippine Senate

To initiate revenue bills, represent constituents, and serve as an oversight body for the executive.

Roles of the House of Representatives

A significant social issue in the Philippines characterized by widespread drug trafficking and abuse.

Rampant spread of illegal drugs

An emerging social issue in the Philippines involving the increase of online betting and gambling platforms.

Rise of online gambling

Frequent and stronger typhoons and other disasters affecting the country in recent years.

Natural disasters in the Philippines

A written communication articulating a position or advocacy directed towards a member of the Philippine Congress.

Formal correspondence to a legislator

Local Government Units in the Philippines responsible for implementing local regulations and ordinances.

LGUs

Part of the Constitution that guarantees fundamental rights to citizens.

Bill of Rights

Any law inconsistent with the Constitution can be declared unconstitutional and invalid by the courts.

Key outcome of Constitutional Laws

Covers a range of subjects, addressing various aspects of society and governance.

Application of Statutory Laws

Agreements ratified by the Senate that hold legal standing in the Philippines.

International Treaties

Direct the administrative functions of the government and are enforceable by law.

Implications of Executive Orders

Remain part of the legal system unless repealed or ruled unconstitutional.

Validity of Presidential Decrees

To govern local matters and provide regulations within a specific local area.

Purpose of Ordinances

Includes the title, statement of policy, and a detailed body with clauses.

Preparatory contents of a bill

Indicates when a law becomes enforceable following its passage.

Function of the Effective Clause

To review and amend proposed legislation before passing it.

Senate's legislative role

To introduce and debate proposed bills, especially those involving finances.

House's legislative function

Causes social issues, crime rates to rise, and threatens public safety.

Impact of illegal drug proliferation

Laws or policies governing the operation and legality of online gambling activities.

Online gambling regulations

A change in climate patterns leading to stronger and more frequent storms impacting the Philippines.

Increased frequency of typhoons

Attempt to influence law-makers through formal communication regarding particular issues.

Advocacy in legislation

Composed of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Structure of the Philippine Congress

To protect individual freedoms and ensure legal safeguards for citizens.

Purpose of the Bill of Rights

Can take the form of treaties, conventions, or accords and require legislative approval.

Types of International Agreements

Encompasses various sectors, including health, education, and welfare policies.

Scope of Statutory Laws

Dependent on local governance and community adherence to established laws.

Effectiveness of Ordinances

Involves proposal, discussion, amendment, and approval of bills in Congress.

Legislative process overview

The distribution of authority among the different branches of government.

Balance of power

Responsible for ratifying treaties and international agreements.

Role of the Senate in treaties

Carry the force of law in relation to executive functions unless challenged.

Executive Orders' legal status

Formed during extraordinary circumstances and hold legal weight unless overturned.

Characteristics of Presidential Decrees

Specific to the jurisdiction of local government units, based on local needs.

Authority of Local Ordinances

Title, statement of policy, body, and various clauses defining its impact.

Components of a legislative bill

To maintain the bill's enforceability despite certain provisions being declared unconstitutional.

Function of the Separability Clause

As specified in the Effective Clause outlined within the legislation.

When does a law take effect?

Elected representatives who serve terms and are responsible for legislative leadership.

Philippine Senate members

Elected officials in the lower house, representing various districts nationwide.

House of Representatives members

Increased crime and violence, deteriorating community health, and economic strain.

Consequences of drug-related issues

Necessary to ensure compliance with laws and protect citizens from exploitation.

Regulating online gambling

Causes destruction, displacement, and economic difficulties in afflicted areas.

Typhoon impact on communities

A democratic process allowing citizens to influence policy-making effectively.

Articulating concerns to legislators

Legislative actions aimed at addressing widespread societal challenges.

Public policy and social issues

To conduct checks and balances on executive power through legislation and hearings.

Responsibility of the Senate

Elected officials engage with constituents to understand their needs and challenges.

Role of the House in advocacy

Requires targeted legislation to remedy the underlying problems faced by society.

Isolating social issues' effects

The process by which Congress monitors the executive branch and its agencies.

Legislative oversight

Encourages democratic participation and accountability among elected officials.

Importance of citizen engagement

May mitigate the impacts of natural disasters through sustainable practices.

Effect of environmental regulations

Including Presidential Decrees that still hold relevance in the current legal framework.

Marital Law related laws

Essential to understanding current legislation and its implications for society.

Historical context of Philippine laws