YOUTH SUBCULTURES - sociological theory

socio spiller

functionalists - A01

• Eisenstadt - shared set of norms and values, high risk of stress and anomie in youth

• Abrams - target market, high disposable income

• Parsons - more education = longer rite of passage, social solidarity

functionalists - A03

• ignored influence of gender, ethnicity and social class

• middle class, middle aged, white men

• can’t explain subcultures and why they have different Ns and Vs

marxists - A01

• Hebdige - punks, mods

• Clarke - skinheads

• Jefferson - teddy boys

• capitalism

• bourgeoisie and proletariat

marxists - A03

• hippies

• mo longer important as youth dont belong to subcultures - POMO

• join for social solidarity not defy cap.- FUNCO

• ignores gender - FEMO

• were looking for explanations that didn’t exist

feminists - A01

• Shane Blackman - rebellious new wave girls, didn’t conform to trad expectation

• Mcrobbie and Garber - Teeny boppers, self expression

• Mcrobbie and garber - absent from research, passive girlfriends

feminists - A03

• not important anymore - POMO

• class is more important - MAXO

• explicit subcultural expression but neglected in the media

• no preferences over gender or bias

• less patriarchal society - girls are less confined to patriarchal expectations

POMO - A01

• Polhemus - supermarket of style, leads to hybridity

• Maffesoli - neotribes

• Thornton - Subcultural capital, status

• Bennet - multidimensional clubbing

POMO - A03

• Hebdige - punks, clear spectacular subcultures still exist

• Still major inequalities; ethnicity, gender, class

• Specific style; youth still choose to wear one specific style even though they have a ‘supermarket’

Social class - A01

• Clarke - skinheads, hyper masculinity, defying capitalism

• Willis - Learning to labour, self fulfilling prophecy

• Jefferson - teddy boys, dress up to show that they are just as good as the higher classes

social class - A03

• ignores gender and ethnicity

• hippies dont fit explanation

• subcultures are relevant, neotribes

Gender - A01

• Clarke - skinheads and hypermasculinity

• Mcrobbie and Garber - teeny bopper, self expression

• Blackman - rebellious new wave girls, dint conform to trad expectations

gender - A03

• Maffesoli - neotribes, no longer relevant

• marxists - ignores class

• POMOs - less patriarchal society, no gender bias, less confined to expectations

ethnicity - A01

• Johal - brasian, hyperethnic style, exaggerated form of parent culture

• Raggae youth, resist assimilation, hair resists whit oppression

• Hebdige - theorists neglect ethnicity, ethnocentric research

ethnicity - A03

• marxists - Clarke and skinheads showing hyper masculinity class is more important

• femos - gender is more important, Mcrobbie and Garber teeny boppers

• POMOs - no longer relevant, maffesoli, neotribes

hybridity - A01

• POMOs - supermarket of style, brasian

• Nayak - white wannabes, working class, lack of community, black style and slang

• Modern primitives - Neo tribes, loose memberships, individual expression, body mods for self expression

Hybridity - A03

• Clarke - skinheads, class is more important

• Mcrobbie and Garber - gender is more important, teeny boppers

• Maffesoli - neotribes, subcultures are no longer relevant