supreme court decisions

juducial activism, judicial restraint

Brown v. Board

1954

Brown v. Board

issue of racial segregation in public schools

Brown v. Board

ruled segregation and “separate but equal” unconstitutional in public schools

Brown v. Board

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and a major victory of civil rights

Mapp v. Ohio

1961

Mapp v. Ohio

issue of illegally obtained evidence and the exclusionary rule in state courts

Mapp v. Ohio

state courts cannot use illegally obtained evidence

Engel v. Vitale

1962

Engel v. Vitale

prayer in public schools issue

Engel v. Vitale

official prayer in school violares Establishment Clause (separation of Church and state)

Gideon v. Wainwright

1963

Gideon v. Wainwright

issue of right to legal counsel for criminal defendants

Gideon v. Wainwright

ruled states must provide a lawyer to defendants if they can’t afford it

Escobedo v. Illinois

1964

Escobedo v. Illinois

right to counsel during police investigations —> right to remain silent

Escobedo v. Illinois

warren court

Brown v. Board

warren court

Escobedo v. Illinois

suspects have right to lawyer during questioning once investigation on single suspect

Gideon v. Wainwright

warren court

Engel v. Vitale

warren court

Mapp v. Ohio

warren court

Griswold v. Connecticut

warren court

Griswold v. Connecticut

1965

Griswold v. Connecticut

issue of state ban on contraceptives for married couples

Griswold v. Connecticut

ruled the law violated right to marital privacy and struck as unconstitutional

Miranda v. Arizona

warren court

Miranda v. Arizona

1966

Miranda v. Arizona

issue of interrogation practices

Miranda v. Arizona

ruled that suspects must be informed of their rights before questioning

Marbury v. Madison

marshall court

Marbury v. Madison

1803

Marbury v. Madison

enforced judicial review (supreme had final say in constitutionality of laws)

McCullough v. Maryland

marshall court

McCullough v. Maryland

1819

McCullough v. Maryland

ruled that the state was unable to tax federal bank and national government trumps state government

Gibbons v. Ogden

1824

Gibbons v. Ogden

marshall court

Gibbons v. Ogden

reaffirms congress regulated interstate commerce limiting state interference

Munn v. Illinois

1876

Munn v. Illinois

regulation of business

Munn v. Illinois

used to regulate labor unions and trusts/big business by saying it is subject to public regulation

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson

“separate but equal” legalizing racial segregation and constitutionalizing Jim Crow laws

Roe v. Wade

1973

Roe v. Wade

legalized abortion

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Roger Taney

Dred Scott v. Sandford

1857

Dred Scott v. Sandford

stated slavery was legal in all states and slaves were not citizens but property