Biology Concepts: Enzymes, Lichens, and Reactions

These flashcards cover essential biological concepts including enzyme function, the role of lichens in soil formation, and characteristics of reactions.

Lichens

Symbiotic associations of fungi and photosynthesizers. they are dual organisms. they are important in the initial stages of soil formation.

NADPH

A cofactor used in anabolic reactions, consumed during fatty acid synthesis. it provides reducing power/electrons, needed to drive the sysntisis.

Enzyme reactions

the initial rate of the reaction depends on the substrate conc., ATP isn’t always needed. enzymes are specific to their substrates.

Transition state

The highest energy state during a chemical reaction. the transition state(the enzyme substrate complex) is the longest existing species.

Inhibitors

Molecules that bind to enzymes and decrease their activity. reaction products can act as inhibitors.

Reaction rate

The speed at which reactants are converted to products in a chemical reaction.

Exergonic reaction

A reaction that releases energy, characterized by a negative change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG).

Malonyl CoA

A coenzyme that regulates the rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation.