Ions and Ionic Bonds Vocabulary

Flashcards on Ions and Ionic Bonds

Ion

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.

Anions

Ions with negative charges.

Cations

Ions with positive charges.

1+

Elements in Group 1 form ions with this charge.

2+

Elements in Group 2 form ions with this charge.

2-

Elements in Group 6 form ions with this charge.

1-

Elements in Group 7 form ions with this charge.

Ionic Compounds

Formed when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms. The positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite charges.

Ionic Bond

A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Dot-and-cross diagrams

Diagrams that show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in an ionic or covalent compound or element

Lattice Structure

Giant structure that ionic compounds form with a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.

Solid

Ionic compounds are usually _ at room temperature

Ions

Charged particles that are able to move and carry a charge in molten or aqueous ionic compounds.

Covalent Compounds

Formed when pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.

Double Bond

Adjacent atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Triple Bond

Adjacent atoms share three pairs of electrons.

Small Molecules

Compounds made up of molecules that contain just a few atoms covalently bonded together.

Intermolecular Forces

Weak forces acting between molecules

Molecular compounds

Do not conduct electricity, as there are no free ions or electrons to carry the charge..

Allotropes

Different forms of an element

Graphite Structure

Each carbon atom is bonded to three others forming layers of hexagons, leaving one free electron per carbon atom which becomes delocalized

Diamond Structure

Each carbon atom bonds with four other carbons, forming a tetrahedron. All the covalent bonds are identical, very strong and there are no intermolecular forces

Silicon(IV) Oxide Structure

Each oxygen atom forms covalent bonds with 2 silicon atoms and each silicon atom in turn forms covalent bonds with 4 oxygen atoms. A tetrahedron is formed with one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms, similar to diamond

Metal alloys

Mixtures of metal

Metallic Bond

The strong force of attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons.

Delocalised Electrons

Electrons that do not belong to any specific metal atom and are said to be able to move freely between the positive metal ions