Chemical Bonding and Intermolecular Forces

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to chemical bonding and intermolecular forces.

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom to form a positive ion.

Electronegativity

A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons.

Covalent Bonding

A type of bonding involving the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.

Metallic Bonding

The attraction between a lattice of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between individual molecules.

Dispersion Forces

Weak forces occurring between all molecules, the only forces in non-polar molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Attraction between polar molecules that have permanent dipoles.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strong intermolecular forces occurring between hydrogen and electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.

Covalent Network Solids

Solids formed by strong covalent bonds between atoms, resulting in a lattice structure.

Ionic Solids

Solids consisting of ions held together by ionic bonds, typically hard and brittle.

Metallic Solids

Solids made up of metal atoms, characterized by malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity.

Phase Changes

Transitions between different states of matter, influenced by energy changes.

Kinetic Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases based on the motion of individual molecules.

Collision Theory

A theory that explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates vary.

Le Chatelier's Principle

Principle stating that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change.

Acids and Bases

Substances that donate protons (H+) and accept protons, respectively.

Oxidation and Reduction

Reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between substances.