DNA replication (readiness 1 for 3/18)
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8 Terms
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between deoxyribonucleotides, forming the primary structure of DNA.
DNA ligase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages in gaps between two existing nucleotides in double-stranded DNA.
Origin of replication
A location (a point) where enzymes open the DNA double helix so replication can begin.
Replication fork
The y-shaped structure visible in micrographs of DNA during replication. This is the site where the replisome works, synthesizing the leading and lagging strands.
Primase
An enzyme that adds a short RNA primer to single-stranded DNA, so DNA polymerase can start adding complementary bases.
Replisome
The multi-molecular machine that works at the replication fork, copying DNA.
Helicase
An enzyme in the replisome that opens the DNA double helix, creating single-stranded template DNA for leading and lagging strand synthesis.
Topoisomerase
An enzyme that is important in DNA replication. It breaks and rejoins DNA to relieve the tension created when helicase continuously opens the double helix.
