Entomology Exam 2

Egg hatching

eclosion

Development

Epimorphic

Instar

stage between molts

Molting

Ecdysis

Shed exoskeleton

exuviae

Self-removal of an appendage

autotomy

Metamorphosis

change/form

Insect mass is

constantly increasing

Insect size is

increasing steps

Insect emerges from the egg looking like a miniature version of itself

Ametabola

Incomplete metamorphosis

Hemimetabola

Complete metamorphosis

Holometabola

Hemimetabola aquatic immature

naiad

Hemimetabola terrestrial immature

nymph

Larval types (butterfly, flies, beetles)

maggots, caterpillars, grubs

Appendages free from body (most coleoptera and hymenoptera)

Exarate

Appendages fused to body (most lepidoptera)

Obtect

Enclosed inside puparium=last larval exoskeleton (most diptera)

Coarctate

Larval tissues are broken down by histolysis followed by development of adult structures from

imaginal disks

Changes are driven by the

endocrine system

Growth can be halted resulting in

diapause

A/metabola

without/change

Hemi/metabola

half/change

Naiad

water nymph

Exopterygota

out, outside/wings

Holo/metabola

whole/change

Larva

ghost

Pupa

doll

Endo/terygota

inner/wings

Exarate

Plowed up

Obtect

concealed, covered

Coarctate

pressed together

Auto/tomy

self/cut

Term for Blood

Hemolymph

Term for body cavity

hemocoel

Posterior, has ostia

heart

anterior vessel

aorta

heart + aorta

dorsal vessel

small openings on the heart

ostia

suspend the heart

dorsal diaphragm and alary muscles

some insects have ______ _______ _______ that are driven by the muscle contractions associated with normal locomotion.

accessory pumping organs

Cold blooded

ectotherms

sac in the head of some diptera used to fracture the pupa

ptillinum

hemo/coel

blood/hollow

aorta

the great artery

ostia

a small opening, door

hemato/cyte

blood/cell

phag/ocytosis

eat

ecto/therm

outside/heat

Tracheal system (4 parts)

Spiracles, trachea, tracheoles, cells

Spiracles in head, thorax, abdomen?

Head: 0, Thorax: 4, Abdomen: 8 pairs

Setae

hairs

What closes to prevent water and heat loss and prevents dust

Valves

Trachea structure

Two lateral tracheal trunks united by commissures

Dorsal branches sent to

dorsal vessel

Medial branches sent to

digestive system

Ventral vessels sent to

ventral nerve cord

spiral support, made of chitin

taenidia

small, thin-walled tubes that release oxygen to cells (only part not shed)

tracheoles

spiracle

an air hole

trachea

the windpipe

taenidia

a band, ribbon

commisures

united

tube running from mouth to anus

alimentary canal

foregut

stomodeum

midgut

mesenteron

hindgut

proctodeum

lining of cuticle in digestive system

intima

Which sections are lined with cuticle, intima?

foregut, hindgut

mouth (chewing, mixing food with saliva)

preoral cavity

pushes food into esophagus

pharynx

pushes food into crop

esophagus

storage for undigested food

crop

valve between foregut and midgut

proventriculus

digestion and absorption

ventriculus

digestion and absorption, increases surface area

gastric caecae

lining for the midgut

peritrophic membrane

Analogous to our kidneys (between midgut and hindgut)

Malpighian tubules

What is the excretory product of aquatic insects?

ammonia

What is the excretory product of terrestrial insects?

Uric acid

What is the role of water as a carrier of waste?

Water is not a carrier of waste

Valve between midgut and hindgut

Pyloric valve

pass waste to rectum

intestine

final digestion

rectum

poop out of

anus

what type of symbiosis happens in digestion

mutualism

bacteria and protists digest

cellulose

termites reenaculate themselves with bacteria and protists, rely on other termites saliva or poop

trophallaxis

chambers that house microorganisms (some coleoptera and homoptera)

mycetomes

aliment/ary

nourish

stomo/deum

mouth

mes/enteron

middle/intestine

procto/deum

anus, rectum

intima

innermost

pharynx

the throat

pro/ventriculus

before/the belly

ventriculus

the belly

gastric caecae

stomach/blind

peri/trophic

around food

pyloric

gate keeper