APUSH 6-7 Lessons 12 - 14

MAIN Causes Of WWI

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

Assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

June 28, 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia - Gavrilo Princip. TRIGGER OF WWI, led to a chain reaction of war declarations and secret alliances coming out of the closet

Trench Warfare

Sucked literal balls

• A type of combat where opposing armies dig, extensive networks of trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire

• leads to stalemates with high casualties

• Static battle lines, trench foot and no man’s land

Lusitania

British passenger liner ship that was sunk by a German U-boat.

• Killed many civilians, including Americans

• Triggered American beef with Germans

Sussex pledge

A promise made by the German government during WWI

• No more sinking of passenger ships without warning

• Safety of passengers is ensured before attacking merchant vessels

1916 election

Democratic Woodrow Wilson > Republican Charles Evan’s Hughes

• Key campaign of maintaining American neutrality

• “He kept us out of the war”

  • Or did he…?

Zimmermann Telegram

German tries to make an alliance with Mexico against the US of A

• ‘Merica sees this and they go rah rah big red white and blue

  • One of the reasons they join the war!

• “Hell to the nawh Germany” (imagine a southern redneck accent)

Impact with the Russian Revolution

Some rah democratic rah Americans feared alliance with an absolute monarchy country but Russian Revolution puts a republic in governmental power

• Americans feel better about entering the war and working with the Russians

American Expeditionary Force

General John J. Pershing - The name given to the US armed forces sent to Europe

• Led to a modern combat – tested army that was recognized as one of the best in the world

Harlem Hellfighters

369th Infantry Regiment - ALL African American,

• Their combat prowess challenged racial stereotypes

• Highlighted the contributions of African-American soldiers

RACISM, DISCRIMINATION, AND SEGREGATION STILL EXIST ON THE HOMEFRONT

Henry Johnson

Iconic Harlem Hellfighter - single-handedly fought off a German raid

• The French recognize him for his bravery w/ their highest medal (Croix de Geurre)

• The USA fails him and doesn’t recognize his bravery for like 75 yrs

  • Shows how US is stuck on racist mindset

Selective Service Act

Allows the government to draft citizens into military service during times of national crisis

• Requires men within a specific age range to register for the military - chosen on random raffle

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association

• Advocated for women’s right to vote

• Led by: Carrie Chapman Catt

19th Amendment

WOMEN CAN VOTE 1920 RAHH 🔥🔥🇺🇸🇺🇸🦅🦅🦅

Carrie Chapman Catt

Leader of NAWSA

• Leader of an organized state by state strategy to achieve women’s suffrage

• Lobbied for legislation and built support for the cause

Alice Paul and the NWP

Leader of the National Women’s Party

• Organization that use militant tactics

  • Protests

  • Picketing at the White House

• Got arrested for the whole espionage and sedition thing

  • TUBES FORCED DOWN THROUTS UGH

Committee of Public Information

Creel Committee - primarily responsible for using propaganda to promote public support for the war effort - shape public opinion

• Posters

• Films

• Pamphlets

War Bonds

Debt securities issued by the government during wartime

• allowed citizens to directly contribute to the war effort

• Loaned money to the government and were repaid with interest later

Espionage and Sedition acts

Pair of laws that criminalized the act of sharing information that could harm the war efforts, along with any speech considered “disloyal” or critical of the government

• SUPPRESSION OF DISSENT AND LIMITING FREE SPEACH

• CIVILIAN RIGHTS ARE TAKEN DURING WAR TIME (like Habeas Corpus during the Civil War)

Schneck vs US

1919, Supreme Court - “clear and present danger”

• The right to free speech can be restricted if the speech poses a significant threat to national security