Indicator Species and Biotic Index

Explain the term 'indicator species'.

The term 'indicator species' is used for the species whose presence, absence or abundance reflects a specific environmental condition, habitat or community. They provide information on the overall health of an ecosystem, reflect a particular environmental condition, such as pollution, and are indicative of a particular habitat type or biological community.

Name an example of an indicator species for each of the following: Polluted air:

Leafy or crusty lichen

Name an example of an indicator species for each of the following: Unpolluted air:

Blackspot fungus

Name an example of an indicator species for each of the following: Polluted water:

Algal bloom

Name an example of an indicator species for each of the following: Unpolluted water:

Amphibians