Music History Midterm

divine offices

private services

Mass (Ordinary and Proper)

public ordinary fixed parts proper is specif

mass ordinary parts

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

responsorial chant

soloist alternates with the choir or congregation

Antiphonal chant

When a choir is split up into two halves and alternates singing psalm verses or verses to each other, as is the case with the "Tecum Principum/Dixit Dominus" from the Vespers for Christmas Day.

Melismatic chant

many notes per syllable

syllabic chant

one note per syllable

psalmody

music foundation of divine offices set off by non biblical pieces

neumes

early musical notation signs; square notes on a four-line staff

trope

additions to existing chants

sequence

latin text with a chant melody

gamut

sylables to define the notes of a scale

hexachords

a chord with 6 notes

Solmization

A method of assigning syllables to STEPS in a SCALE, used to make it easier to identify and sing the WHOLE TONES and SEMITONES in a MELODY.

guidonian hand

Mnemonic device attributed to the medieval theorist Guido d'Arezzo, used to teach solmization syllables

psalm tones

A MELODIC formula for singing PSALMS in the OFFICE. There is one psalm tone for each MODE.

authentic mode

a mode in which the range normally extends from a step below the final to an octave above it

plagal mode

a mode in which the range normally extends from a fourth (or fifth) below the final to a fifth or sixth above it

ambitus

range of a given melody or mode

Carolingian polyphony

church music started evolving into polyphony

Romanesque polyphony

multiple lines being performed and a complex rythmic texture

notre dame polyphony

Style of POLYPHONY from the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries, associated with the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.

organum

Medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines

rhythmic modes

System of six durational patterns (for example, mode 1, long-short) used in POLYPHONY of the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries, used as the basis of the rhythmic NOTATION of the Notre Dame composers.

discant clausula

a substitute clausula using discant style in which all voices follow one of the rhythmic modes

motet

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied.

Franconian notation

System of NOTATION described by Franco of Cologne around 1280, using noteshapes to indicate durations.

ars nova

Fourteenth-century French polyphonic musical style whose themes moved increasingly from religious to secular.

mensural notation

measured notation that specified rhythm as well as pitch precisely

isorhythmic motet

Medieval and early Renaissance motet based on a repeating

rhythmic pattern throughout one or more voices

formes fixes

schemes of poetic and musical repetition, each featuring a refrain, used in late medieval and 15th century french chansons; in particular, the ballade, rondeau, and virelai

trecento

when italian music flourished

strophic

describes a song where the stanzas are all sung to the same music

contenance angloise

(French, "English guise") Characteristic quality of early-fifteenth-century English music, marked by pervasive CONSONANCE with frequent use of HARMONIC thirds and sixths, often in parallel motion.

international style

style from burgandy's territories and the english

Cantus Firmus Mass

POLYPHONIC MASS in which the same CANTUS FIRMUS is used in each MOVEMENT, normally in the TENOR.

imitation

copying styles themes or techniques

pope gregory

pope who banned lay investiture and excommunicated Henry IV

charles magne

His kingdom grew into an empire

Given the name Charlemagne= Charles the Great

Crowned empire by the Pope

First leader to unify Europe since the Romans

Guido d'Arezzo (991-1033)

hand ut re me THE MUSIC THEORIST

Leoninus and Perotinus

wrote the compositions in the Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of Polyphony)

Franco of Cologne

developed a system of rhythmic notation using note heads and stems. The basis of the current system of rhythmic notation in Western music. Allowed a myriad of new compositional possibilities.

Philippe de Vitry

Ars Nova

Guillaume de Machaut

the most important composer of the 14th century, worked in Paris, wrote sacred and secular compositions.

Francesco Landini

Italian, blind, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker

John Dunstaple

English medieval & Renaissance composer

polyphonic

FIRST to use full triadic harmony, with a 3rd

Guillaume Du Fay

Se la face ay pale renaissance guy

How to identify mode

Final->DEFG Range 8av authenic 5 plagal reciting tone 5th above authentic third above plagal