chapter19opp

0.01 - 2.6

origin of modern humans, major glaciations.

2.6-5.3

origin of bipedal human ancestors.

23-33.9

primates diversify, origin of apes.

65.5-145.5

First angiosperms; insects, marine invertebrates, fishes, dinosaurs diversify; asteroid impact causes mass extinction at end of period, eliminating most dinosaurs and many other groups.

359-416

Terrestrial vascular plants diversify; fungi, invertebrates, tetrapod vertebrates colonize land; first insects and seed plants; major glaciation at end of period; mass extinction, mostly of marine life.

542-2500

"High concentration of oxygen in atmosphere; origin of eukaryotic cells; evolution and diversification of protists, fungi, soft-bodied animals"

2500-3850

Origin of life; evolution of prokaryotes, including anaerobic and photosynthetic bacteria; oxygen starts to accumulate in atmosphere; origin of aerobic respiration

3850-4600

formation of earth, including the crust, oceans, atmosphere.