PHARM FINAL

Therapeutic responses to antibiotic treatment (what do we want to see as a result?

lower WBC, lowered fever, improvement of labs, improvement of chest x-ray

Treatment for MRSA

vancomycin

Lantus

cannot be mixed with other insulins, no peak time

What do we watch for when taking aminoglycosides?

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Tetracycline considerations

do not take with milk, do not take if under 18, wear sunscreen to avoid photosensitivity reactions, can stain teeth

Dilantin considerations

gingival hyperplasia, gums swell and collect food and bacteria,

NSAID

non-steroidal anti inflammatory

NSAIDs can treat

fever, pain, inflammation, and clotted blood

Antibiotics decrease the effectiveness of?

oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives increase the risk of

DVT, stroke, breast cancer, and hypertension

Why do we rotate insulin injection sites?

to avoid scar tissue (lipodystrophy)

What do we check before giving Digoxin

apical pulse and blood pressure, if apical pulse is below 60 do not give

What is Digoxin given for?

arrythmias/heart problems

Signs of Digoxin toxicity

halos, nausea, vomiting, lethargy

Which is taken first? Bronchodilator or steroid?

bronchodilator

Anecdote to Tylenol overdose?

mucomyst

What drug class is mucomyst in?

mucolytics

What does nitroglycerin do?

stops angina attacks by vasodilation

How many time can you take nitro?

3 times every 5 minutes, on the third call for help if no relief

Signs the blood is too thin

bruising, blood in stool, nose bleeds, bleeding gums, blood in urine

Does heparin take a while to leave the body?

no, it has a short half life

Antidote for heparin

protamine sulfate

Colace

stool softener

Warfarin antidote

Vitamin K

Category X medications

any chemo drug (methotrexate), finasteride (Proscar),

Best site for insulin injection

stomach

What not to eat with Vitamin K

leafy greens and vitamin K

Lasix considerations

potassium level, BP, lung sounds, weight gain

Absorption

movement of drugs from the site of administration to the blood stream

Factors affecting absorption

route of administration and first pass effect

What to assess when looking for ototoxicity

hearing loss/impairments

What to assess when looking for nephrotoxicity

kidney failure/issues

Side effects

common/expected reactions to a medication, non life threatening

Adverse effects

life threatening reactions to a medication that are uncommon

Allergic reaction

over reaction of the immune system to foreign substances

Anaphylaxis

a severe allergic reaction

Superinfection

usually caused by the use of antibiotics, an infection that is a result of another infection ex C Diff, Candida

Sulfonamides patient teaching

take on an empty stomach, increase fluid intake to prevent crystalluria, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, take with a full glass of water

NSAID side effects

GI distress, dizziness, rash, heartburn, and occult blood loss

Non narcotic analgesia options

Tylenol, Nitrostat

Synthroid patient teaching

take first thing on an empty stomach, medication is taken for life, teach how to take a radial pulse at home

Steroids

primary reason for prescription is to reduce swelling, allergies, given to auto immune pts, and organ transplant pts

You should always give steroids before meals?

false

Long term steroid use considerations

osteoporosis, moon face, high blood sugar, weight gain

Adverse reactions of steroids

raises blood sugar, weight gain, decreased immunity, osteoporosis

Patient teaching of steroids

do not stop them abruptly, if you do you’ll experience weakness, fatigue, and hypertension

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

Daily asprin use can do what?

thin your blood too much

Expected outcomes from taking a diuretic

loss of excess fluid, weight loss, frequent voiding

Prilosec is used for

acid reflux or peptic ulcers

Tramadol can have increased CNS depression if given with?

anesthetics

Expected result from colace

for the patient to have a bowel movement within 12 - 72 hours

Lipid lowering agent

lower cholesterol

How can lipid levels be lowered?

diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes as well as the use of medications

Labs for lipid lowering agents

lipid panel, LDL, HDL

Rapid insulin

works immediately to decrease blood glucose (example lispro)

Short acting

take 30 minutes before a meal, lowers blood sugar, short half life (example regular insulin)

Intermediate acting

starts working within two hours of injecting (example NPH)

Long acting

works over a long period of time (insulin glargine)