Synchronous generator

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19 Terms

1

Why is the frequency of a synchronous generator locked into its rate of shaft rotation?

The frequency is tied to the rate of shaft rotation, generating electricity at a fixed frequency based on pole number and rotor speed.

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2

What happens to an alternator's voltage when it is loaded down with a lagging load?

The voltage drops sharply due to the inductive load causing a phase shift between current and voltage.

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3

Why does an alternator’s voltage rise when loaded down with a leading load?

The capacitive nature of the leading load causes the current to lead the voltage, increasing terminal voltage.

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4

What characterizes phasor diagrams for a synchronous generator at unity power factor?

Voltage and current are in phase, resulting in maximum power transfer.

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5

What indicates a lagging power factor in phasor diagrams?

Current lags behind voltage, represented by a phase angle indicating inductive reactance.

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6

What indicates a leading power factor in phasor diagrams?

Current leads voltage, shown by a phase angle indicating capacitive reactance.

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7

How can synchronous impedance and armature resistance be determined in a synchronous generator?

Synchronous impedance is determined via short circuit test; armature resistance is calculated through a no-load test.

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8

Why must a 60-Hz generator be derated if it is to be operated at 50 Hz?

To avoid overloading, typically reduced to 83.33% of rated capacity.

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9

How does the size of a 400-Hz generator compare to a 60-Hz generator of the same power and voltage rating?

A 400-Hz generator is smaller due to reduced core and winding material requirements.

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10

What conditions are necessary for paralleling two synchronous generators?

Generators must match in voltage, frequency, and phase sequence.

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11

Why must the oncoming generator be paralleled at a higher frequency than the running system?

To ensure proper synchronization and avoid disturbances during connection.

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12

What is an infinite bus?

A theoretical power system with unlimited capacity, constant voltage, and frequency.

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13

What constraints does an infinite bus impose on a generator?

Generators must operate at the same voltage and frequency as the infinite bus.

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14

How can real power sharing between two generators be controlled?

Through mechanical input adjustments while maintaining constant frequency.

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15

How can reactive power sharing between two generators be controlled?

By adjusting excitation levels without affecting the system's terminal voltage.

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16

How can the system frequency of a large power system be adjusted?

By controlling generator outputs or changing generator speeds without disrupting power sharing.

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17

Why is overheating a serious matter for a generator?

It can lead to insulation damage, reduced efficiency, and potential mechanical failure.

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18

What do capability curves illustrate?

They show the operational limits of a generator under various loading conditions.

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19

What are short-time ratings and why are they important?

They reflect a generator's ability to withstand overloads briefly, crucial for managing peak demands.

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