#2 European Global Exploration

Book on the Marvels of the World

Book written by Rustichello Da Pisa telling the travels of Marco Polo after being cell buddies. Reintroduces and motivates later explorers to riches of Asia

Portolani

Refers to a chart, mostly sailing directions

Marco Polo

Merchant and world traveler

Motives to travel

God, Gold, and Glory. Spread Christianity, anything to make money, and make a name for yourself

Reconquista

Reconquer of the Iberian Peninsula that had been taken by Muslim powers

Edict of Expulsion

Document stating Jews and Muslims must convert to Christianity or leave

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese navigator owner of Crusading Knights, initiated the age of discovery and explored Africa

Bartolomew Dias

Portuguese explorer who sails around southern tip of Africa

Vasco de Gama

1st European man to sail and reach India and China

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Portuguese general who seizes control of spice trade and spreads Christianity

Goa

Headquarters in India, capital city

Pedro Cabral

Claimed Brazil for Portugal and sets up Sugarcane plantations

Ferdinand and Isabella

Married King and Queen of Spain attempting to unify and spread Christianity

Christopher Columbus

Spanish Explorer who believed he sailed to India sponsored by the Spanish crown, instead finds Bahamas and Cuba

Amerigo Vespucci

Spanish explorer who believes the “new world” is not Asia, named after him (America)

Waldseemuller Map

1st map to include America

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

First Spanish to see the Pacific Ocean by crossing Panama

Ferdinand Magellan

Trying to be the 1st man to circumnavigate the world and claims Philippines for Spain

El Cano

Led himself and 18 other men to finish the circumnavigation after Magellan’s death. (Real 1st circumnavigators)

Vice roys

Royal governors sent by Spain to rule in the King's name in the new world.

New Spain

After the defeat of the Aztecs, it was a Spanish colony. Its capital was Mexico City, From California to Panama

Peru

(Panama through South America) Cuzco capital

Encomienda

Early form of slavery

Bartolome de las Casas

Author of the Destruction of the Indie, about the atrocities the Spanish would commit toward the natives

Repartimiento

How locals were supposed to join the Spanish empire, they had to pay taxes and would have to work if they did not have enough to pay the taxes

Treaty of Tordesillas

Set forth to divide world into two part by Pope Alexander VI

NetherLands

Goal to set up economical empire with the Dutch East India Company and Caribbean and Brazilian Colonies.

New Amsterdam

A settlement established by the Dutch as an economic hub, banking, trading, shipping, etc.

John Cabot

English explorer, 1st to make land claim in the new world for England

Jamestown

1st successful English colony in the new world, tobacco becomes their gold