AHH U8 MAP+ VOCAB + TIMELINE

1) Iran-Contra Affair

a political scandal involving the covert sale of weapons to Iran by the U.S. government to fund Nicaraguan Contra rebels, leading to Congressional investigations and convictions.

2) Fall of Berlin Wall

An event symbolizing the end of the Cold War, when East and West Berliners dismantled the wall dividing the city, leading to German reunification and the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.

3) Clinton Impeachment

centered on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice related to his extramarital affair

4) Bush V. Gore

The 2000 U.S. presidential election, marked by a controversial recount in Florida, legal battles culminating in the Supreme Court's decision to stop the recount, and Bush's ultimate victory despite losing the popular vote.

5) War on Terror

a global military and political campaign initiated by the United States in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, aimed at combating terrorism and its sponsors around the world.

6) The Patriot Act

a U.S. law passed in response to the 9/11 attacks, granting expanded surveillance and law enforcement powers to the government in the name of national security and counterterrorism efforts.

7) Fall of Baghdad

The capture of Iraq’s capital by U.S. forces in April 2003, marking the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime and a major milestone in the Iraq War.

8) US Withdrawal from Afghanistan

The final departure of American troops in August 2021, ending a 20-year war and leading to the rapid collapse of the government and return of Taliban rule.

Liberal

individuals or policies advocating for social and economic equality, government intervention in the economy, and progressive social values.

Monetary Policy

actions by a central bank to control the money supply and interest rates, influencing economic activity by managing inflation, employment, and overall economic stability

Inflation

the general increase in the prices of goods and services over time, reducing the purchasing power of currency.

Moral Majority

a political movement in the 1980s, led by religious conservatives, advocating for socially conservative policies and seeking to influence American politics based on moral and religious principles.

Fiscal Policy

government actions related to taxation and spending to influence the economy, aiming to achieve economic goals such as full employment and stable prices.

Reaganomics

refers to the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, emphasizing tax cuts, reduced government regulation, and a belief that stimulating economic growth among the wealthy would benefit the entire economy.

Deregulation

Reducing or eliminating government restrictions and regulations on industries, with the goal of fostering competition and economic efficiency.

Gross Domestic Product

the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, serving as a key indicator of economic performance.

conservative

individuals or policies favoring limited government intervention, traditional values, and a free-market approach to economic issues.

Taliban

An Islamist militant group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and regained power in 2021 after the U.S. withdrawal, known for enforcing strict Sharia law and opposing U.S. forces during the War in Afghanistan.

WMDs

Chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons that were a primary justification for the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, though none were ultimately found.

Laissez-Faire

an economic philosophy advocating minimal government interference in the marketplace, allowing natural market forces to determine prices, production, and distribution.

NAFTA

a trade agreement signed in 1994 between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, aiming to eliminate barriers to trade and investment and promote economic cooperation in North America.

Great Recession

A severe global economic downturn from 2007 to 2009, triggered by the U.S. housing market crash and financial crisis, leading to widespread job losses, foreclosures, and government bailouts.

Obergefell v Hodges

Legalized same-sex marriage nationwide, affirming that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to license and recognize marriages between two people of the same sex.

Trickle Down Economics

an economic theory asserting that benefits provided to the wealthy and businesses will eventually "trickle down" to the rest of the population through job creation and economic growth

The Surge

A 2007 U.S. military strategy that involved deploying over 20,000 additional troops to Iraq to reduce violence and stabilize the country during the height of the insurgency.

bin Laden

The founder of al-Qaeda and mastermind of the 9/11 attacks, whose presence in Afghanistan was a key reason for the U.S. invasion and who was killed by U.S. forces in Pakistan in 2011.

1 MAP) Guantanamo

the U.S. naval base in Cuba that gained international attention for its use as a detention facility for individuals captured in the War on Terror, particularly after the September 11 attacks.

2 MAP) New York City

the terrorist attacks when hijacked airplanes were crashed into the World Trade Center towers in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., leading to widespread loss of life and initiating the War on Terror.

3 MAP) Baghdad

The capital of Iraq and a central focus of U.S. military operations during the Iraq War, symbolizing the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime

4 MAP) Tehran

A 1979–1981 diplomatic standoff in which 52 Americans were held hostage in Tehran for 444 days, and key event that shaped American foreign policy in the Middle East.

5 MAP) Kabul

The capital of Afghanistan and a key center of U.S. and NATO operations, representing both the start and end of America's two-decade involvement in the country.