HMI30`1: Pathology + Anatomy for each Organ

Aorta Main Pathology

• AAA

• Dissections

What is this an image of + Label

• Longitudinal Proximal Aorta

Label the anatomy of this Carotid Artery

What is this + Label

• Trv Proximal Aorta (SMA lvl)

Size of AAA?

• Diameter = 3mm or larger

Pathology?

AAA

Pathology?

• Dissection

IVC Pathology

• DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)

• Thrombosis

what is the arrow pointing to

• Normal IVC (as it can be compressed)

Pathology?

• DVT in the Common femoral vein

Pathology?

• IVC Thrombosis

Liver Pathology

• Hepatitis

• Haemangioma

• HCC

• Fatty Infiltration

Different Lines/Ligaments of Liver

• Cantlile’s Line: Runs from GB to IVC

• Falciform Ligament: Splits Right + Left Liver lobe

• Caudate Lobe above | Quadrate Lobe Below

Pathology?

Fat Infiltration

Pathology? Which is Normal and whats the worst

Fatty Infiltration

Pathology?

• Hepatitis (Inflammation of Liver due to Echogenic areas)

Difference between Haemangioma + HCC

• Haemangioma has no blood vessels/lack of

• HCC has blood vessels/blood flow

Pathology?

• Haemangioma (due to no colour on it)

Pathology?

• HCC due to colour/bloodflow

Spleen Pathology

• Spenunculi (Parts of the Spleen that are separated, its normal)

• Calcification

• Haemangioma

• Infarction

• Splenomegaly (20cm on US is large)

What is this?

• Splenuculi

Pathology?

Splenic Calcification (Post. Acous. shadowing + Echogenic appearance)

Path?

Haemangioma of Spleen (no B/F)

Path?

Splenic Infarction (Anechoic Region)

Path? (hint… SPLEEN)

• Splenomegaly

Path?

• Malignant Lymphoma of Spleen

Kidney Pathology

Normal

• Dromedary Hump (Normal Enlargement of Cortex) (use colour to see theres no blood flow)

• Extrarenal Pelvis (Renal Pelvis outside of Kidney)

• Horseshoe Kidney (fusion of right+left kidney at the poles)

• Duplex Kidney (2 Renal Pelvis’s)

Path:

• Urolithiasis (Renal Calcification)

• Hydronephrosis

Label + Which is Long/TRV

• Long then Trv

What is this?

Dromedary Hump

What is this?

Extrarenal Pelvis

What is this?

Horseshoe Kidney (hard to see on US)

What is this?

Duplex Kidney

Path?

• Urolithiasis in the Rt Middle Pole of Kidney

Path?

Staghorn Calculus

What is this?

Moderate Hydronephrosis (As it is one coherent structure there is not segmented Echogenic Structures)

Path?

• Parapelvic Cysts (as it is segmented)

Path?

Severe Hydronephrosis

Label Pancreas

1. Head

2. Major Pancreatic Duct

3. Body

4. Tail

5. Uncinate Process

6. Splenic Artery

7. Celiac Trunk

8. Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)

9. Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV)

10. Portal Vein

11. (Likely a vessel or duct branching)

12. Vertebral Body

13. …

14. …

15. Duodenum (Specifically the C-loop or descending part)

16. Liver

Pancreas Pathology

• Pancreatitis (Acute = >3.5mm | Chronic = Scarring on Panc Body)

• Tumour

Path?

Acute Pancreatitis

Path?

Chronic Pancreatitis (Scarring on body)

Path?

• Tumour on the TAIL of Pancreas

GB Anatomy

1. Common Bile Duct (CBD)

2. Common Hepatic Duct (CHD)

3. Right Hepatic Duct

4. Left Hepatic Duct

5. Major Pancreatic Duct

6. Ampulla of Vater

7. Duodenum

8. Neck

9. Body

10. Fundus

11. Cystic Duct

12. Heister

GB Path

• Cholelithiasis

• Cholecystitis (Larger than 3.5mm)

• Polyps

• Tumefactice Sludge

• Adenomyosis (Comet Tail Artefact)

What view of GB?

Long, Portal Vein on the Left and Liver

View of GB?

• Trv

• Neck Post, Fundus Superior

are these pathology or congenital?

Congenital

Path?

Cholelithiasis

Path?

Tumefactive Sludge

Path?

Cholecystitis (thickened wall)

Path?

Adenomyosis

Path?

Polyps (NO ACOUSTIC SHADOW)

Label Anatomy of PortaHepatis TRV

Portahepatis Pathology

• Choledolithiasis

Path?

• Case 1: Calculus presen with acoustic shadowing

• Case 2: Common Bile Duct is Dilated + Echogenic Material Present within

• Both Choledocholithiasis