JCJC Art Appreciation Midterm Study Guide 2024

Line

Line

actual line = visible

implied line = not visible

Shape

enclosed form created by line or color

geometric = square, triangle, circle

natural = found in nature

Value

how light or dark something is in art

High-key = light shades

Lowkey = dark shades

Middle key = Middle shades

Form

3D works (sculpture, pottery, architecture)

Texture

surface quality (rough or smooth)

actual texture = physical surface

simulated texture = appears to be real (trumpet L'oeil - to fool the eye)

space

depth in a painting

overlap - something overlaps something else.

perspective - looks like it’s getting smaller

atmospheric - fog or haze in the background

Color

primary - Red, blue, yellow

complementary - colors across from each other (red/green, blue/orange, yellow/violet)

analogous - colors next to each other (red, orange, yellow)

balance

how objects are distributed throughout the picture

symmetrical - both sides are the same

asymmetrical - one side is different

radial - circular or rounded feel

contrast

difference between light and dark value

high contrast - big difference between lightest and darkest value

low contrast - little difference between light and dark values

pattern

exact repeated shapes

rhythm

shapes are not the same, but similar (repetition, various lines , color)

movement

how your eyes move through a work of art (where they start art, where they end at)

unity

unifying element (seen throughout the painting)

emphasis

when something stands out

medium

what was used to create the art

realistic

looks real

abstract (derived from nature)

can tell what it is but doesnt look real

non objective

can’t tell what it is

static

seems real, looks unatural, rigid and block-like (most Egyptian sculptures)

canon of proportion

set rules and measurements for sculpting (Greek and Egyptian sculptures)

additive

artist builds up layers by adding materials together to create a form; blend light for color

subtractive

removing material through carving, cutting or sanding to create the desired form; reflective art

relief

a sculpture that lays flat on a surface

round

sculpture that can be seen from all angles

Venus of wellendorf

4ft tall. believed to be a fertility figure. earliest form of religious art

Kore

unidentified female greek sculpture

kouros

unidentified male Greek sculpture

idealism

Greeks saw themselves as ideal, portrayed themselves as ideal proportionately.

Ionic

slender. many curves at top

coronthians

acanthus leaves on top

doricdoric

plan and simple

Stoic philosophy

emphasizes control over emotion to make clear decisions

Humanism

freedom from religious dogma in order to celebrate logic, reason, and ones individual capabilities; depicts ones body and what they are doing

discus thrower

illustrates rationalism; balance between emotion and restraint

weight shift principle

Greeks observed people put weight on one leg or the other

S curve

subtle curvature of the body caused by the weight shift

Dying Gaul (Hellensitic Art)

a gladiators finak moments. supposed to be dramatic and emotional took place during the reign of Alexander.

Death masks/molds

made roman art more real

fesco

applying paint to wet plaster. form of early painting

Roman Colosseum

only 33% remains. used to sacrifice animals, execute criminals, and gladiator battles. built by nero

Mark Aurelius on horseback

only survived because christians thought it was constantine

only surviving roman bronze of a rider on horseback

marked the end of tranquility and good government

Head of Constantine

more than 8 ft high

weighs more than 8 tons

his eyes are looking to heaven and the future of Rome

he divided roman empires and gave his 3 sons a portion

The fall of Rome

visitors invaded the city of Rome, they destroyed and burned it. many of the bronzer were destroyed. many information and knowledge was destroyed (lost recipe to concrete) l. it marks the beginning of the dark ages