Gas Laws

Boyle’s Law

Formula: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ 

Relationship: Pressure (P) and volume (V) are inversely proportional when temperature (T) and the number of moles (n) are constant.

Charles’s Law

Formula: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ 

Relationship: Volume (V) and temperature (T) are directly proportional when pressure (P) and the number of moles (n) are constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law

Formula: P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ 

Relationship: Pressure (P) and temperature (T) are directly proportional when volume (V) and the number of moles (n) are constant.

Combined Gas Law

Formula: P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ 

Relationship: Combines Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws to relate pressure, volume, and temperature when the number of moles is constant.

Avagadro’s Law

Formula: V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂ 

Relationship: Volume (V) and the number of moles (n) are directly proportional when temperature (T) and pressure (P) are constant.

Ideal Gas Law

Formula: PV = nRT 

Relationship: Relates pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and the number of moles (n) of an ideal gas. 

Phase Changer Diagram and Equations