Biological catalysts

Catalyst

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and isn’t changed by the reaction

Enzyme

proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions where the function as biological catalysts

enzyme that breaks down starch and ending product

amylase

maltose

enzyme that breaks down protein and final product

protease

amino acids

enzyme that breaks down sucrose and final product

sucrase

glucose and fructose

enzyme that breaks down maltose and final product

maltase

two glucose molecules

enzyme that breaks down lipids and final products

lipase

fatty acids and glycerol

carbohydrases

enzymes that break down carbohydrates

How does an enzyme work

enzyme active site and substrate with complimentary shape bind together

enzyme carries out the reaction and forms a new substance called the product

product breaks away from unchanged enzyme

substrate molecule

the substance that an enzyme causes to react

active site

the part of an enzyme molecule to which the substrate temporarily binds

enzyme-substrate complex

short lived structure formed as the substrate temporarily binds tit he active site of an enzyme

Factors affecting enzymes

oh

temperature

optimum

best condition in which an enzyme activity is the greatest

optimum temp for enzymes

37

denatured enzyme

enzyme that cannot catalyse its reaction anymore

optimum enzyme ph

7

high temperature effect on enzymes

kinetic energy of enzyme begins to shake it apart losing its shape: active site is not complimentary to that of the substrate molecule