Final Exam - Fundamentals of Speech & Hearing Science

I Olfactory

sensory CN that supports smell; #1

II Optic

sensory CN that supports vision; #2

III Oculomotor

motor CN that supports eye movement; #3

IV Trochlear

motor CN that supports eye movement; #4

V Trigeminal

mixed CN that supports mandible & maxilla movement and sensation to the face, mouth, & jaw; #5

VI Abducens

motor CN that supports eye movement; #6

VII Facial

mixed CN that supports expression, gustation (taste), ear sensation, and movement to the lips & face; #7

VIII Vestibulocochlear

sensory CN that supports hearing and balance; #8

IX Glossopharyngeal

mixed CN that supports gustation (taste), ear sensation, swallowing, and movement to the superior pharynx; #9

X Vagus

mixed CN that supports pharyngeal, palatal, & laryngeal movement and sensation to the larynx, pharynx, and ear; #10

XI Accessory

motor CN that supports movement to the shoulder and neck and assists the Vagus; #11

XII Hypoglossal

motor CN that supports tongue and neck movement; #12

4

How many ventricles are there?

gustation

term meaning taste

ventricle

fluid filled cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid to protect, cushion, and nourish the CNS

corpus callosum

the major commisural pathway that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

oligodendrocytes

glial cells in the CNS that produce myelin sheaths around axons

Schwann cells

glial cells in the PNS that produce myelin sheaths around axons

glial cells

neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection to neurons, maintain homeostasis, and produce myelin; act as the “dough” to the neurons

neurons

the basic functional units of the nervous system that transmit information throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals; responsible for receiving sensory input, sending motor commands, and relaying signals

brain and spinal cord

What are the parts of the CNS?

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

What are the parts of the PNS?

arcuate fasciculus

a white matter bundle in the brain that acts as a crucial pathway for language processing; connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

afferent

carry sensory signals from body to brain (from PNS to CNS)

efferent

carry motor signals from brain to body (from CNS to PNS)

brainstem

What is the origin of the cranial nerves?

thalamus

What is the pink structure labeled #1?

midbrain

What is the green structure labeled #2?

pons

What is the blue structure labeled #3?

medulla oblongata

What is the orange structure labeled #4?

spinal cord

What is the red structure labeled #5?

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

What are the 3 layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost?

False

(T/F) The lobes of the brain in either hemisphere are mirror images in structure and function.

medulla oblongata

Where do the nerves decussate to the opposite side of the body to maintain contralateral control?

frontal lobe

What is the blue structure labeled #1?

parietal lobe

What is the pink structure labeled #2?

occipital lobe

What is the green structure labeled #3?

temporal lobe

What is the red structure labeled #4?

cerebellum

What is the yellow structure labeled #5?

astrocyte

What is the most common type of glial cell?