MTEL PREP (early childhood 072)

Which of the following statements offers the most accurate comparison of the developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky?

Piaget described child development as the result of individual exploration; Vygotsky saw it as stimulated by social interaction

A group of children in a preschool class are plating house and pretending to be various members of a family. Engaging in this type of sociodramatic play is important to children's development primarily because it allows them to:

think and behave in more complex ways in a risk-free environment

A group of seven-year-old children are playing a make-believe game in which they are pretending to be pirates drawing a map to buried treasure. This activity will most likely lead to the children's acquisition of knowledge by:

influencing their development of spatial reasoning

According to the theories of Lawrence Kohlberg, children's moral thinking develops:

in steps, beginning with responding to external authority and moving toward respecting universal principles.

As babies begin to move around at the end of infancy, they rely increasingly on the process of social referencing to interpret the actions of significant others in order to determine:

the appropriate response to a new situation.

An 18-month-old has begun responding to requests with "no" and doing the opposite of what others want. In terms of emotional development, this negativism is typically a manifestation of the child's:

sense of independence

Which of the following play activities would be most likely to foster a five-year-old child's developing sense of empathy?

feeding a guinea pig

To promote the cognitive and physical development of a one-year-old baby, it is most effective for caregivers to choose toys that the baby finds interesting to:

manipulate (e.g., blocks).

The development of stranger anxiety in infants between seven and nine months of age is most closely linked to their:

increased memory

experiments have shown that babies develop a fear of heights only after they begin to crawl. This finding confirms the direct relationship between cognitive development and:

sensorimotor experience

When children grow up in an environment in which their wants and needs are consistently ignored, these children may eventually perceive that their behavior is of no consequence due to an inability to influence events in their lives. This negative impact on the child's development is called:

learned helplessness

An 18-month-old has begun to acquire one-word vocabulary at a significant rate. Which of the following language skills is this child likely to develop next?

using two-word sentences to identify objects and actions

The psychological process during early childhood in which children try to take on the qualities of important people in their environment is called:

identification

At six months of age, children are excited by a game played with an adult in which adults place their hands over their own eyes and then remove their hands. According to Jean Piaget, this interest and enthusiasm is due to the children's:

acquisition of object permanence.

The improvement in the visual capacity and acuity in three-month-old infants is accompanied by which of the following behavioral developments?

social smiling

For which of the following reasons do bones in an infant's hands and wrists ossify and harden before others in the body?

to make it possible for the infant to grasp and pick up objects

A third-grade students has limited mobility and cannot hold a pencil. She relies on a classroom volunteer to write for heroine school and she relies on her parents to write for her at home. Recently, the student's parents have requested assistive technology that would allow her to do written work independently. When the opportunity arises to purchase this equipment, the school should primarily consider which of the following factors?

the potential impact of the equipment on student learning

Of the following conditions that affect learning and development, which one occurs as a result of brain damage to a child during pregnancy, birth, or early infancy?

cerebral palsy

A kindergarten boy with anxiety-withdrawal disorder will most likely have difficulty:

building peer friendships due to his limited social skills

A three-year-old child is highly sensitive to noise and becomes fixated on certain tasks and objects. The child has difficulty regulating anxiety and recognizing nonverbal communication. These behaviors are typical of which of the following syndromes?

Asperger's syndrome

Which of the following examples best illustrates the parents' role in their baby's proximal development?

Parents help their baby pick up objects until the baby is able to do it independently.

A preschool child has recently been diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. His family has approached the child's teacher to ask for the school's assistance to help their child understand and manage the disease. Which if the following would be the most appropriate response for the child's teacher in this situation?

working with the school's support services to identify resources for such children and their families

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for a child with special needs?

to establish and address flexible priorities for the child's development across all domains

A child who has been diagnosed with an absence seizure disorder is most likely to experience:

brief interruptions in awareness

The speech disfluency of stuttering most frequently has a detrimental effect on a child's:

sense of self-worth.

A second-grade student arrives at school with several large bruises that he cannot explain. Which of the following is the appropriate course of action for the teacher in this case?

following the school's protocol for mandated reporting

Developmental delay and cognitive impairment, along with eyes that are smaller than average, a poorly developed upper lip, and flattened cheekbones, are typical of children with:

feta alcohol syndrome

A child with fine-motor impairments will likely have the most difficulty performing which of the following tasks?

drawing a picture

A child diagnosed with childhood-onset pervasive developmental disorder exhibits aggressive and violent behaviors toward herself and others. By law, a child with this diagnosis and who exhibits these behaviors:

must be placed in the least restrictive environment

In which of the following organizations do trained home visitors model verbal interactions and parenting techniques through the use of selected books and toys to enhance early literacy?

Parent-Child Home Program

Children raised in a family environment with a high level os discord and social dysfunction are typically at a significantly grater risk of experiencing:

anxiety disorders

When evaluating books for a classroom library, which of the following features of a book should a second-grade teacher consider first?

the literary quality

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of picture books written for young children?

a simple illustrated narrative

Novels such as "Little House on the Prairie" by Laura Ingall's Wilder and "Where the Red Fern Grows" by Wilson Rawls are characteristic of which of the following literary genres?

memoirs

Using wordless children's books within a language arts curriculum is most effective for promoting children's:

oral and written language skills

Which of the following authors is best known for books in which children come to terms with their anger and fears?

Maurice Sendak

Read the haiku below; then answer the questions that follows.

"A moose's head lifts silently from the water, a rippling sun"

The poem features which of the following literary devices?

metaphor

Together with literary merit and popularity, which of the following is the most important consideration for the evaluation of children's literature for second-grade readers?

the complexity of the book's story line

Introducing young readers to several types of fictional, nonfictional, and informational books will most significantly broaden their awareness of:

different purposes and contexts for writing

Both the dream world described in "Peter Pan" and the talking animals in "The Wind in the Willows" represent characteristic aspects of which of the following genres of children's literature?

fantasy

The children's books written by Theodor Geisel as Dr. Suess are recognized internationally for their:

inventive wordplay

A three-year-old child pairs her drawing of a dog with a scribbled caption intended to describe the picture. In the developmental continuum of writing, the child's use of scribbling is significant as an indication that she understands that writing is a:

means of communicating ideas

Which of the following is the most important characteristic of effective persuasive writing?

a coherent, logical argument

The most appropriate reason to being a new paragraph while drafting an essay is to:

introduce a new subject

In learning to write, a child begins to use letters to represent words. He has begun to leave spaces between words and to mix upper- and lowercase letters. As his writing development progresses, this child would likely next begin to:

represent initial and final sounds or morphemes in words

Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows.

They are one of my favorite foods. I could eat them every morning I especially love cranberry ones, because the combination of tart and sweet is so refreshing. No one has to wonder what I want for breakfast--my answer will always be muffins! I also like apricot, almond, and peach.

Which of the following sentences should be moved to the beginning of the paragraph to improve its logical organization?

Sentence 4

Which of the following prewriting strategies is most effective for organizing a piece of writing from start to finish?

outlining

Read the sentence below; then answer the question that follows.

"Until recess was over the girls talked with they're friends on the playground."

Which of the following revisions would correct the spelling error in the sentence above?

Change they're to their

Read the sentence below; then answer the question that follows.

"Was it Gwendolyn Brooks," Shawna asked, "Who wrote the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn"?"

Which of the following sentences corrects the punctuation errors in the sentence above?

"Was it Gwendolyn Brooks" Shawna asked, "who wrote the poem 'Ode on a Grecian Urn'?"

Read the sentence below; then answer the question that follows.

"I am so tired I could sleep for a year"

This sentence acquires meaning by using which of the following types of figurative language?

hyperbole

Use the information below to answer the question that follows.

X={0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

Y={0, 4, 8, 12, 16}

X^Y?

{0, 4, 8}

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

7cm across

4cm down

9cm across bottom

Which of the following expressions shows the correct procedure for calculating the area of the shape shown above?

(4 x 7) + 1/2(4 x 2)

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

The diagram above shows the intersection of two straight lines. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements must be true?

(100, A, B, C)

The measure of angle A equals the measure of angle C

A kindergarten class is playing a game involving the exchange of pennies for dimes and dimes for dollars. A die rolled and that number of pennies is given to the roller. When a student has enough pennies, they may be exchanged for a dime. This process continues until the student has collected enough dimes to exchange for a dollar bill. Carrying out this type of activity is likely to be most effective for helping the students develop an understanding of:

fundamental aspects of the base-ten numeration system.

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

Which of the following mathematics topics os best demonstrated by the diagram above?

addition

Use the incomplete math problem below to answer the question that follows.

2 ? 4

- 7 ?

-------

? 3 9

The standard algorithm for subtraction that is used to solve the problem shown above requires application of which of the following computational procedures?

regrouping

Use the problem below to answer the question that follows.

A box contains a total of 105 old crayons of three different colors-red, yellow and brown. There are twice as many yellow crayons as red crayons, and there are twice as many brown crayons as yellow crayons. How many red crayons are in the box?

Which of the following equations accurately represents the problem above?

r + 2r + 4r = 105

Us the information below to answer the question that follows

-- | --

AB - EF

Which of the following statements accurately interprets the geometric notation shown above?

Line segment AB is perpendicular to line segment EF

Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.

(4cm, 3cm, 10cm, 5cm)

What is the surface area of the figure above?

132 cm^2

A quadrilateral has four equal sides and two pairs of congruent angles. Opposite sides of the quadrilateral are parallel and none of the internal angles equals 90 degrees. Give this description, this quadrilateral must be a:

rhombus

A polygon has three internal angles that add up to 180 degrees. Exactly two of the polygon's internal angles and two if its sides are congruent. A polygon fitting this description must be:

an isosceles triangle

A second grade teacher plans a math activity using a set of wooden rods of various lengths. The teacher asks students to compare the lengths of 2 cm ads to 10 cm rods by asking them to see how many 2 cm rods placed end-to-end equal the length of the 10 cm rod. This activity would be most appropriate for introducing second graders to the concept of:

fractions