lecture exam 3 answers

which of the following can’t act as antigen-presenting cells?

antibodies

_ constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma

IgG

_ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected

interferons

_ participate in both innate immunity and the immune response

helper T cells

which vessels have the thickest tunica media?

large arteries

cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective against-

cancer cells

lymphatic vessels recover about - of the fluid filtered by capillaries

15%

during exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles-

dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites

the lymphoid system is involved in fluid recovery, immune surveillance, and lipid absorption

true

lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick up tissues fluid

false

IgE is produced by - cells

plasma

T cells achieve immunocompetence in the -

thymus

which of the following does not move substances across capillary walls?

group transport

most common allergies are the result of -

type 1 (acute) hypersensitivity

before B cells secrete antibodies, they differentiate into -

plasma cells

how many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?

0

vaccination stimulates - immunity

artificial active

alternate routes of blood supply are called-

anastomoses

what are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart?

veins

mucous membranes prevent most pathogens form entering the body because of the stickiness of the mucus and the presence of lysozymes

true

bronchoconstriction, dyspnea, and widespread vasodilation are all characteristics of -

anaphylactic shock

what is the most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary?

blood hydrostatic pressure

hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure of -

130/80

which of the following does not belong to the second line of defense?

the gastric juices

which of the following does not lead to edema?

hyperproteinemia

memory T cells can be up to - old

decades

which of the following best describes the cerebral arterial circle ( circle of willis)?

an anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland

what type pf shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration?

hypovolemic

what is the best way to estimate the MAP?

take the diastolic pressure and add 1/3 of the pulse pressure

_ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels, and they empty into the -

collecting ducts, subclavian veins

helper T cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a -

MHC protein

lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low in -

protein

a person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T cell count lower than - has AIDS

200 cells/uL

what is the most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary?

blood colloid osmotic pressure

which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity?

vessel radius

where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body?

veins

what is the path of blood flow from the heart to the lung tissues and back to the heart?

R ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, lung tissues, pulmonary veins, L atrium

antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells in the -

lymph nodes

arteries are sometimes called the - vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure

resistance

how do materials get from the blood to the surrounding tissues?

diffusion, filtration and absortion, and transcytosis

which of the following is not a possible circulatory route from the heart?

heart, arteries, capillary bed, vein, capillary bed, arteries, heart

which of the following does not aid in venous return?

venule suction

the outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the - , and in large arteries and veins contains the -

tunica externa, vasa vasorum

one group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells is -

granzymes

why does exercise increase venous return?

the heart beats faster and harder increasing cardiac output and pressure

red bone marrow is where all immune cells of the lymphoid system originate

true

perforin is released by-

cytotoxic T cells

beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a -

type 4 (delayed) hypersensitivity

which of the following would decrease the velocity of blood flow?

increased viscosity

_ are antimicrobial proteins

interferons

which of the following are not tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

the vertebral veins

identify the incorrect statement regarding the fundamental causes of edema

capillary reabsorption does not depend on oncotic pressure

_ is not a cardinal sign of inflammation

impaired use

the only lymphoid organs with afferent lymphatic vessels are the -

lymph nodes

special lymphoid vessels, called lacteals, absorb dietary - that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries

lipids

which of the following would decrease capillary filtration?

dehydration

which of the following decreases blood pressure?

naturetic peptides

basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called - and a vasodilator called -

heparin, histamine

a pyrogen is a substance that causes

fever

which of the following are powerful vasoconstrictors?

norepinephrine and and angiotensin II