test 4.2

1. Organisms can adapt _______

to their environment

2. Some organisms are more likely to survive because they are ______

fit

3. An organism is resistant to a chemical if it ______________

adapts

4. The process of two species changing genetically in response to long-term interactions with each other is

co-evolution

5. In order for evolution to occur in a population, individuals with a trait that is “naturally selected for” must______________.

reproduce

6. _____________is the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it.

resistance

7. The selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics is called______________.

artificial selection

8. A change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next is known as________.

evolution

9.   ________________tend to be well suited to where they live and what they do.

organisms

10. Characteristics passed on from parent to offspring is known as _____________.

heredity

11. Humans have inadvertently promoted the evolution of insects that are resistant to insecticides by____________.

applying more pesticides or artificial selection

12. After being sprayed an insecticide, a few insects survive. Those that survive are said to be_________.

resistant

13. The offspring of the surviving insect breed and____________.

evolve/pass on resistance through reproducing

14. As more of the insecticide is sprayed on the same insects, what happens?

Each new generation becomes more resistant to the insecticide

15. Why should lions have sharper claws?

So they can hunt better

16. Why should birds have lighter feathers?

So they can fly easier

17. Darwin proposed that _________________________ is the mechanism for _________________________, the change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.

natural selection and evolution

18. An inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment is a(n) ____________________.

adaptation

19. A collie is a breed of dog that exists because of ____________________ selection.

artificial

20. Most of the deer that separated from the herd were able to survive the cold climate because they had__________.

thicker fur

T OR F 21. The deer’s thick fur is artificial selection, an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment.

F, natural selection

T OR F 22. organisms evolve adaptations to other organisms and their genetic environment.

T

T OR F 23. Over thousands of years, humans bred the ancestors of today’s wolves to produce the variety of dog breeds.

T

T OR F 24. snakes can change the color pattern of their skin, and then blend into their backgrounds.

F, snakes cant change the color of their skin, chameleons can.

T OR F 25. Darwin proposed that over many generations natural selection causes the characteristics of populations to change.

T

26. What does it mean for an organism to be fit?

It is able to survive and reproduce in it’s environment.

27. ______________occurs when there are differences in fitness among members of a population.

Natural selection

28. ______________is where an organism lives out its life.

Environment

29.________________ occurs when phenotypes at both extremes of the phenotypic distribution are selected against. 

Stabilizing selection

30._________________ occurs when phenotypes in the middle of the range are selected against.

disruptive selection