Photosynthesis Quiz (ATP, Light Dependent, Calvin Cycle)

Energy, ATP, Light Dependent, Calvin Cycle

Energy

the ability to do work

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Molecule that stores energy

What molecule’s structure is this?

ATP structure

What is this and what does it do?

ATP cycle creates energy from breaking down ATP into ADP

How can cells use ATP?

active transport, protein synthesis, photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Process used by autotrophs to harness sun’s energy and create sugar

Photosynthesis Formula:

6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 water + light —> Glucose + 6 Oxygen

Light Reaction Reactants:

Light, water, NADP+, ADP

Light Reaction Products:

Oxygen, NADPH, ATP

Light Reaction Location:

thylakoid membrane

Calvin Cycle Reactants:

ATP, NADPH, Carbon Dioxide

Calvin Cycle Products:

Sugar, ADP, NADP+

Calvin Cycle Location:

stroma

Chlorophyll reflects this color

green/yellow

Carotenoids reflect this color

orange/yellow

epidermis

surface layer of leaf

cuticle

transparent, waxy covering on leaf

stomata

adjustable pores controlling water movement and gas exchange

mesophyll

layers inside the cells of leaves

Palisade mesophyll

preforms photosynthesis in leaf

Spongy mesophyll

Regulates gas exchange in leaf

xylem

transports water throughout the plant

phloem

transports food across the plant

Bundle sheath cells

Cells that surround xylem and phloem that don’t contain chloroplasts

Is xylem passive or active transport?

passive

Is phloem passive or active transport?

active

Adaptations of aquatic plants

stomata on top of leaves to help regulate transport

Adaptations of Cacti

Stomata closed in day and open in night, thick cuticle, large vacuole, etc.

Adaptations of forest floor plants

Large leaves to capture maximum sunlight

stroma

thick fluid in chloroplast (cytoplasm of chloroplast)

thylakoids

disk-shaped sacs in stroma

Grannum

stacks of thylakodis

Lumen

fruid found in thylakoid membrane or in thylakoids

Which 4 factors affect photosynthesis?

Light, Temperature, Water, Carbon Dioxide

First step of Light Reaction that takes place in PSII

electrons become energized from sunlight and leave to go to electron transport chain (ETC)

How are the electrons replaced from PSII in light dependent reactions?

Water splits and gives it electrons into the PSII, its Hydrogen protons go to the thylakoid lumen to create a electrochemical gradient, and the Oxygen is a byproduct released in the atmosphere

What do electrons do in the cytochrome in light reactions?

Help pump Hydrogen ions across concentration gradient

After being in the cytochrome, where do electrons go in light reactions?

Electrons go to PSI to get re-energized and ready for next steps

After leaving PSI, what do electrons do in light reactions?

Electrons go to the next ETC and convert NADP+ into NADPH

What is the last step in light reactions?

Hydrogen ions flow back and synthesize ATP

3 steps of the Calvin Cycle

Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration

What happens in Carbon Fixation in Calvin Cycle?

RUBISCO allows 3 RuBP + 3 Carbon Dioxide = 6 carbon molecule (unstable) —> splits into 6 PGA

What happens in Reduction in Calvin Cycle?

6 ATP and 6 NADP+ become ADP and NADPH to allow 6 PGA to become 6 G3P —> one G3P leaves to make glucose —> 5 remain

What happens in Regeneration in Calvin Cycle?

The 5 G3P use ATP to become 3 RuBP and allow the cycle to restart