Biology 122 Chapter 11 Lecture Notes

mollusks are (vertebrate/invertebrate)

invertebrate

mollusks have a shell that provides…

support and protection

mollusk nerve cord location

goes around crop and stomach

mollusk nerve cord purpose

protects from eating things that are too big

crop

eats rocks to help break down and digest food

digestive gland purpose in mollusks

produce digestive enzymes

better chewing =

more food molecules broken down, better nutrient absorption

mollusk anus location

above head

foot on mollusks

bottom of slug part

do mollusks have teeth?

some do, some do not

mollusks must live…

in high humidity and near water

mollusk with no shell is a…

slug

chordata are (vertebrates/invertebrates)

both

chordata pharyngeal slit purpose

filter food from water, act as gills

chordata dorsal hollow nerve cord purpose

early flexible spine, goes from head to tail

post-anal tail in humans

tailbone

invertebrates pharyngeal slits

filters food particles and water

vertebrates pharyngeal slits

gills - extract oxygen from water

humans pharyngeal slits

ears, jaws, tube connecting ears and throat

jaws purpose

chew food, replace need for crop, better digestion

____ developed jaws first

fish

dorsal hollow nerve cord function

primitive ability to sense environment

dorsal hollow nerve cord has ___ place where information is processed

one

dorsal hollow nerve cord can sense….

temperature, pressure, sound, humidity

humans have a _____ backbone

protected

chordates - what is formed by each of the three layers of tissue

ectoderm - nerves, mesoderm - spine, endoderm - ears

two animal groups

protostomes and deuterostomes

_____ were developed first out of the animal cell groups

protostomes

why was the mouth important to be developed first for protostomes?

early organisms only had one opening, which protostomes were derived from. mouth necessary to absorb food, nutrients

why was the anus developed?

remove waste that could not travel back through the mouth

why was the anus built first in deuterostomes?

complexity of digestive system requires a longer development time, so earlier development is required compared to the mouth, teeth, etc.

chordates pharyngeal slit purpose

filter food and water

chordates dorsal hollow nerve cord purpose

sense environment

chordates notochord purpose

support

notochord later developed into the…

spine

chordates tail purpose

balance and support, water propulsion

pharyngeal slits in small invertebrates

feeding filter

small invertebrates used _____ to absorb oxygen

diffusion

pharyngeal slits in vertebrates

gill arches

pharyngeal slits in humans

tissues for jaws and ears

vertebrate fish were the first to develop ____

jaws

jaws purpose

chewing, latching, protection, allows for talking

existing genes can be mutated to form _______

new traits

the genes from gills were used to form…

ears and jaws

dorsal hollow nerve cord has _____ nerves in a hollow tube

many

dorsal hollow nerve cord has nerves in tube in order to…

dull sense and protection from damage

a nerve cluster is a precursor to….

a brain

the sample branching pattern found in veins and arteries are found in the…

xylem and phloem

vertebrates have a central nerve cluster called a _____

brain

nerve cord in vertebrates

spinal cord

spinal cord protection

spinal column (bone)

a notochord is a….

flexible skeletal rod

notochord is a precursor to the ______

spine

notochord functions

sense pressure, predators, and is flexible

notochord runs between…

digestive tube and nerve cord

post-anal tail function

power comes from tail to move through water

post-anal tail is used for _______ on land

balance

post-anal tail can attract ______

mates

the tail gets in the way with _________

bipedalism

2 legs are more ______ than 4 but _____

efficient, slower

monkeys have a _______ tail

shrunken, absent

the subphylum vertebrata phylum consists of….

humans and other vertebrates

subphylum vertebrata must have a _____

craniate

craniate

head and protective cranium

fluid surrounding brain function

shock absorption

what can pass through the blood brain barrier?

Benadryl, melatonin, microorganisms, spores, and parasites

closed circulatory system definition

veins and arteries connect to circulate around the body

circulatory system purpose

deliver oxygen and nutrients to body and removes carbon dioxide and waste products

what animals are in the subphylum vertebrata ?

fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds