vascular system ch 8

circulatory system

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste products throughout the body. It also helps regulate body temperature and delivers hormones.

Venous flow carries blood to the

heart for reoxygenation.

Intimal layer of the artery is made up of

endothelial cells and connective tissue.

Normal diameter of Aorta

23 mm

Vessel arises from anterior aorta and runs parallel to aorta

SMA, or Superior Mesenteric Artery, supplies blood to the intestines.

What vessel courses between the SMA and aorta

The left Renal Artery, supplies blood to the kidneys.

At what level do renal arteries branch from lateral wall of aorta?

Inferior to the SMA.

parts of the aorta

include the root, ascending aorta, thoracic, descending aorta, and iliac

Layers of the artery

include the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

Are arteries less elastic that veins?

No, arteries are more elastic than veins.

Characteristics of veins?

Veins have thinner walls than arteries, contain valves to prevent backflow, and are less elastic (appear collapsed). They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. IVC should dilate slightly with suspended respiration.

Diameter of aorta in women

17.0mm

Branches of the aorta

(Lateral) Phrenic, renal, gonadal, lumbar.

(Anterior) Celiac trunk, common hepatic artery, gastroduodenal, right and left gastric, splenic.

First branch of the aorta

Celiac trunk

Other masses that can simulate a pulsatile mass

Retroperitoneal mass, fibroid uterus, paraaortic nodes

Is the GDA a lateral branch of the aorta?

No, the GDA (gastroduodenal artery) is an anterior branch.

Portion of the femoral artery posterior knee

that becomes the popliteal artery.

Assessment of the aorta includes

Diameter, calcification, thrombus, or dissection. aneurysm evaluation and blood flow assessment.

Clinical reasons for sonography evaluation of abdominal aorta

Pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal pain radiating to the back, abdominal bruit, hemodynamic compromise in the lower leg.

Abdominal aorta aneurysm diameter greater than

1.5X normal diameter.

Descriptive terms for AAA

Bulbus, sacular, dumbell

When is surgery considered for AAA

When the abdominal aorta aneurysm measures greater than 5cm in diameter or shows rapid growth.

AP diameter of aorta measured in what plane

Sagittal

What level are the majority of AAA

typically located below the level of the renal arteries

Risk factor for AAA

includes smoking, hypertension, vascular disease, COPD and family history.

Symptoms of AAA

may include back pain, abdominal pain, and a pulsating sensation in the abdomen. In cases of rupture, symptoms can escalate to severe pain, hypotension, and shock.

Is it common for thrombus to be present in aneurysm

True, thrombus can commonly be present within the aneurysm sac, often leading to complications such as embolism.

Pseudo can be a result from over exercising

False, usually occurs due to trauma, infection, or structural defects in the abdominal wall.

Popetial artery divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

true

Mycotic aneurysm result from trauma

False, mycotic aneurysms are caused by infection, often due to bacterial or fungal agents, which weaken the vessel wall and lead to aneurysm formation.

AAA is an area of focal enlargement

True

Causes of ascending aortic aneurysm include syphilis

True

Risk of AAA increases with age

True

AAA greater than 4cm are followed every month

False, they are followed every 6 months.

True aneurysms can develop secondary to Marfans syndrome

True

65% of AAA are infrarenal

False, it is 95% below renal

Aortic Pseudoaneurysm

A false aneurysm, when blood escapes from a hole in entima, but contained by deeper layers. It occurs when blood escapes through a breach in the arterial wall but is confined by the surrounding tissues, creating a pulsating hematoma.