Visceral Anatomy - Pelvis and Perineum

internal iliac artery

• courses inferiorly into the pelvic cavity posterior to the ureter and anterior to the internal iliac vein

• superior gluteal artery

• inferior gluteal artery

Name the 2 important branches of internal iliac artery

common iliac artery

Internal iliac artery is a branch of which artery?

superior gluteal artery

• exits from pelvic cavity into gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen, specifically the suprapiriform foramen

inferior gluteal artery

• exits from the pelvic cavity into the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen, specifically the infrapiriform foramen

greater sciatic foramen

internal iliac vein

• lies between the lateral pelvic wall and the internal iliac artery

• joins the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein

medial cluneal nerves DPR S1-S3

DPR S4-S5 and coccygeal nerves

sacral plexus

• takes form on the posterior wall of the pelvis

• formed by the lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) and VPR of S1-S3 and descending part of S4

• located on anterior aspect of piriformis muscle and covered with fascia of piriformis

• course inferolaterally into gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen, specifically the suprapiriform foramen

piriformis

superior gluteal nerve

• passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle

motor

Is superior gluteal nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?

inferior gluteal nerve

• passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle

motor

Is inferior gluteal nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?

nerve to piriformis

motor

Is nerve to piriformis sensory, motor, or mixed?

nerve to quadratus femoris

mixed

Is nerve to quadratus femoris sensory, motor, or mixed?

nerve to obturator internus

mixed

Is nerve to obturator internus sensory, motor, or mixed?

pudendal nerve

mixed

Is pudendal nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?

nerves to levator ani and coccygeus

motor

Are nerves to levator ani and coccygeus sensory, motor, or mixed?

sciatic nerve

• passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

mixed

Is sciatic nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1-S3)

• passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

sensory

Is posterior femoral cutaneous nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?

vas deferens

• thick-walled tubes in the male reproductive system that transports sperm cells from the epididymis, where the sperm are stored prior to ejaculation

ductus deferens

What is another name for the vas deferens?

seminal vesicles

• secrete a thick alkaline fluid with fructose (energy source for sperm) and a coagulating agent that mixes with the sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra

seminal glands

What is another name for the seminal vesicles?

ejaculatory ducts

• a slender tube formed by the duct of the seminal gland joining the vans deferens

prostate gland

• largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system (produces prostatic fluid that helps to nourish and transport sperm)

• firm, walnut shaped

• surrounds the prostatic urethra

• base closely related to the neck of the bladder

• posterior to the pubic symphysis

• anterior to the rectum

• superior to the levator ani

benign prostatic hyperplasia

What does BPH stand for?

prostate gland enlargement

What is BPH also known as?

bulbourethral glands

• pea-sized, embedded within the external urethral sphincter

• contribute to the final volume of semen by producing a lubricating mucus secretion

• kidneys

• ureters

• urinary bladder

• urethra

Name the 4 organs of the urinary system

ureters

female urinary bladder

• hollow muscular organ

• temporary reservoir for urine that usually fills at a constant rate

• lies mostly inferior to the peritoneum, subperitoneal

• occupies the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity and is just superior and posterior to the pubis

• resting on the pubic bones and pubic symphysis anteriorly and the anterior wall of the vagina posteriorly

male urinary bladder

• hollow muscular organ

• temporary reservoir for urine that usually fills at a constant rate

• lies mostly inferior to the peritoneum, subperitoneal

• occupies the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity and is just superior and posterior to the pubis

• resting on the pubic bones and pubic symphysis anteriorly and the prostate posteriorly

bladder trigone

• stabilizes the attachment of the ureters to the bladder

detrusor muscle

• a powerful smooth muscle that forms the wall of the bladder

• elastic and allows filling by staying relaxed (accommodation)

• maintains low bladder pressure

• responsible for the involuntary completion of micronutrition once it has begun

female urethra

male urethra

prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

penile urethra

spongy urethra

What is another name for the penile urethra?

internal urethral sphincters

smooth muscle involuntary

external urethral sphincters

skeletal muscle voluntary

ovaries

• small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus

• produce and store eggs (also called ovum) and make hormones that control the menstrual cycle and pregnancy

• during ovulation, one of them releases an egg which is swept into the fallopian tube by the finger-like projections of the fimbriae

fallopian tubes

infundibulum of fallopian tube

fimbriae of fallopian tube

ampulla of fallopian tube

• most common site of fertilization of the egg

isthmus of fallopian tube

intramural part of fallopian tube

uterus

• a hollow muscular organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum

• ovaries produce eggs that travel through the fallopian tubes; once the egg has left the ovary, it can be fertilized and implant itself in this organ’s lining

cervix

• the lower, narrower end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina

round ligament of uterus

• one side of it is attached to the uterus; it then crosses the pelvis through the deep inguinal ring which then traverses the inguinal canal and then enters the labia majora, where it terminates with its fibers blending into the mons pubis

• formed from fetal gubernaculum

broad ligament

• contains blood vessels to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, round ligaments, and uterus

vagina

• the passageway through which fluid passes out of the body during menstrual periods

• connects the cervix (the opening of the womb, or uterus) and the vulva (the external genitalia)

birth canal

What is the vagina also known as?

vulva

• the outer part of the female reproductive system

• also part of the external genitalia

• includes the mons pubis

epididymis

mons pubis

• the rounded area

perineum

anal triangle

Name the space in red

Name the 3 contents of the anal triangle

anal canal

internal anal sphincter

external anal sphincter

urogenital triangle

Name the space in green

female ischiocavernosus

male ischiocavernosus

female bulbocavernosus

male bulbocavernosus

superficial transverse perineum

deep transverse perineum

compressor urethrae

sphincter urethrovaginalis