4.6 #4 types of mutations: structure of chromosomes

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4 Terms

1
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Describe deletions and provide a diagram

A chromosome may undergo a double stranded break at two positions, and the section in between may drop out, removing its genes with it.

if the two ends rejoin, a shorter chromosome results with a segment missing.

<p>A chromosome may undergo a double stranded break at two positions, and the section in between may drop out, removing its genes with it.</p><p>if the two ends rejoin, a shorter chromosome results with a segment missing.</p>
2
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describe inversions and provide a diagram

The chromosome breaks in two places and the segment in the middle rotates 180 before being re-joined within the chromosome, reversing the normal sequence.

the individual may have decrease fertility if the chromosome doesnt align properly for meiosis

<p>The chromosome breaks in two places and the segment in the middle rotates 180 before being re-joined within the chromosome, reversing the normal sequence.</p><p>the individual may have decrease fertility if the chromosome doesnt align properly for meiosis</p>
3
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Describe translocation and provide a diagram

A section of one chromosome breaks off and re-attatches to another chromosome

<p>A section of one chromosome breaks off and re-attatches to another chromosome</p>
4
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Describe duplications and provide a diagram

Duplication occurs when an extra copy is made of a chromosome and inserted into either the same chromosome or into another chromosome