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Peptide Hormones
Hormones made of amino acids, protein-based.
Steroid Hormones
Hormones derived from cholesterol, lipid-based.
Glucocorticoids
Steroid hormones regulating metabolism and immune response.
Hypothalamus
Synthesizes and releases releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Tropic Hormones
Hormones stimulating other endocrine glands.
Calcitonin
Hormone lowering blood calcium levels.
Pancreas
Gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Neutrophils
White blood cells that destroy microorganisms.
Vena Cava
Largest vein in the human body.
Right Atrium
Chamber where blood enters the heart.
Semilunar Valve
Valve preventing backflow from arteries to heart.
Sinoatrial Node
Heart's natural pacemaker regulating heartbeat.
Insulin
Hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells.
Zona Reticularis
Adrenal cortex layer producing gonadocorticoids.
Blood pH Range
Normal range is 7.35-7.45.
Red Blood Cell Lifespan
Average lifespan is 110-120 days.
Eosinophils
White blood cells attacking parasitic worms.
Granular Leukocytes
Include eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.
Hemostasis
Process stopping bleeding and preventing blood loss.
Thrombus
Stationary blood clot within a blood vessel.
Embolus
Moving mass in bloodstream, can block vessels.
Hormone Circulation
Hormones circulate as bound or unbound forms.
Neurohypophysis
Posterior pituitary made of neural tissue.
Second Messenger System
Mechanism used by peptide hormones for action.
Positive Feedback Hormone
Only oxytocin operates on positive feedback.
Amino-Acid Hormones
Not lipid-soluble, require carriers for cell entry.
Exocrine Gland
Gland secreting substances through ducts.
Thyroid Hormone
Unbound hormone that regulates metabolism.
Aortic Valve
Semilunar valve leading to the aorta.
Bicuspid Valve
Also known as mitral valve, AV valve.
Pulmonary Valve
Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Thrombocytopenia
Condition of low platelet count.
Vascular Spasm
First step in hemostasis, blood vessel constriction.
Thromboembolism
Blockage caused by an embolus.
Basophils
White blood cells mediating allergic reactions.
Macrophages
Cells that engulf and digest pathogens.
Androgens
Hormones promoting male characteristics and puberty.
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose in the body.