Hormone Types and Functions in the Endocrine System

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38 Terms

1

Peptide Hormones

Hormones made of amino acids, protein-based.

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2

Steroid Hormones

Hormones derived from cholesterol, lipid-based.

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3

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones regulating metabolism and immune response.

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4

Hypothalamus

Synthesizes and releases releasing and inhibiting hormones.

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5

Tropic Hormones

Hormones stimulating other endocrine glands.

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6

Calcitonin

Hormone lowering blood calcium levels.

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7

Pancreas

Gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions.

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8

Neutrophils

White blood cells that destroy microorganisms.

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9

Vena Cava

Largest vein in the human body.

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10

Right Atrium

Chamber where blood enters the heart.

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11

Semilunar Valve

Valve preventing backflow from arteries to heart.

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12

Sinoatrial Node

Heart's natural pacemaker regulating heartbeat.

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13

Insulin

Hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells.

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14

Zona Reticularis

Adrenal cortex layer producing gonadocorticoids.

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15

Blood pH Range

Normal range is 7.35-7.45.

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16

Red Blood Cell Lifespan

Average lifespan is 110-120 days.

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17

Eosinophils

White blood cells attacking parasitic worms.

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18

Granular Leukocytes

Include eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.

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19

Hemostasis

Process stopping bleeding and preventing blood loss.

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20

Thrombus

Stationary blood clot within a blood vessel.

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21

Embolus

Moving mass in bloodstream, can block vessels.

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22

Hormone Circulation

Hormones circulate as bound or unbound forms.

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23

Neurohypophysis

Posterior pituitary made of neural tissue.

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24

Second Messenger System

Mechanism used by peptide hormones for action.

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25

Positive Feedback Hormone

Only oxytocin operates on positive feedback.

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26

Amino-Acid Hormones

Not lipid-soluble, require carriers for cell entry.

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27

Exocrine Gland

Gland secreting substances through ducts.

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28

Thyroid Hormone

Unbound hormone that regulates metabolism.

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29

Aortic Valve

Semilunar valve leading to the aorta.

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30

Bicuspid Valve

Also known as mitral valve, AV valve.

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31

Pulmonary Valve

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

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32

Thrombocytopenia

Condition of low platelet count.

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33

Vascular Spasm

First step in hemostasis, blood vessel constriction.

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34

Thromboembolism

Blockage caused by an embolus.

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35

Basophils

White blood cells mediating allergic reactions.

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36

Macrophages

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens.

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37

Androgens

Hormones promoting male characteristics and puberty.

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38

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in the body.

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