Hormone Types and Functions in the Endocrine System

Peptide Hormones

Hormones made of amino acids, protein-based.

Steroid Hormones

Hormones derived from cholesterol, lipid-based.

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones regulating metabolism and immune response.

Hypothalamus

Synthesizes and releases releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Tropic Hormones

Hormones stimulating other endocrine glands.

Calcitonin

Hormone lowering blood calcium levels.

Pancreas

Gland with both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Neutrophils

White blood cells that destroy microorganisms.

Vena Cava

Largest vein in the human body.

Right Atrium

Chamber where blood enters the heart.

Semilunar Valve

Valve preventing backflow from arteries to heart.

Sinoatrial Node

Heart's natural pacemaker regulating heartbeat.

Insulin

Hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells.

Zona Reticularis

Adrenal cortex layer producing gonadocorticoids.

Blood pH Range

Normal range is 7.35-7.45.

Red Blood Cell Lifespan

Average lifespan is 110-120 days.

Eosinophils

White blood cells attacking parasitic worms.

Granular Leukocytes

Include eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils.

Hemostasis

Process stopping bleeding and preventing blood loss.

Thrombus

Stationary blood clot within a blood vessel.

Embolus

Moving mass in bloodstream, can block vessels.

Hormone Circulation

Hormones circulate as bound or unbound forms.

Neurohypophysis

Posterior pituitary made of neural tissue.

Second Messenger System

Mechanism used by peptide hormones for action.

Positive Feedback Hormone

Only oxytocin operates on positive feedback.

Amino-Acid Hormones

Not lipid-soluble, require carriers for cell entry.

Exocrine Gland

Gland secreting substances through ducts.

Thyroid Hormone

Unbound hormone that regulates metabolism.

Aortic Valve

Semilunar valve leading to the aorta.

Bicuspid Valve

Also known as mitral valve, AV valve.

Pulmonary Valve

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

Thrombocytopenia

Condition of low platelet count.

Vascular Spasm

First step in hemostasis, blood vessel constriction.

Thromboembolism

Blockage caused by an embolus.

Basophils

White blood cells mediating allergic reactions.

Macrophages

Cells that engulf and digest pathogens.

Androgens

Hormones promoting male characteristics and puberty.

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in the body.