Intro to Communication Midterm

“noise”

-sounds that can interfere with a speech

-internal issues with the receiver

-internal issues with the sender

a bullhorn

At Ground Zero, President George W. Bush told workers “Well I can hear YOU!” using

3 main parts of speech

Introduction, body, and conclusion

feedback

communication from the receiver back to the sender

Dr. King’s speech

references:

-quicksand

-steam

-mountains

-winds/breezes

mountains

most prevalent reference in Dr. King’s speech

repetition

how does Dr. King stress these words?

-”I have a dream…”

-”Let freedom ring…”

-”One hundred years later…”

attention-getting device

first statement in your Introduction

topical

organizing your main points by types, reasons, or qualities

chronological order

ex: steps in a process

outlining enumeration

Main point I, subpoint A, subsubpoint 1, subsubsubpoint a

more important and less specific

Indentation: points farthest to the left are _____ than the points that are indented the most.

“slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God”

President Reagan closed his “Challenger” speech by describing the astronauts as they

extemporaneous

most adventageous mode of delivery

“as-ter-isk”

star shaped punctuation mark is pronounced

uptalking

phrasing statements as if they were questions

punch

term refers to emphasizing the appropriate word in a sentence

“I, Barbara Jordan, am the keynote speaker.”

In Rep. Barbara Jordan’s keynote speech in 1976, she said a unique aspect to the occasion was

trade publications

periodicals like “Advertising Age” and “PC World”

difficult to read

disadvantage of scholarly websites

communication channels

-spoken word

-written word

-media

-cell phone call

-emails, tweets, insta, facebook

interference

noise from either side (sender or receiver), internal or external

communication

is a circular process

introduction

-gain attention/interest

-orient listeners to subject matter

body

-effective methods of organization

-limited and focused main points

-transition statements

5

max number of main points

conclusion

-reinforce central idea

-end on a strong note

general purpose

“to inform” “to persuade” “to entertain”

specific purpose

“To inform my audience…”

central idea

one complete sentence that thoroughly and concisely includes all main points

Inventio

-aka invention

-coming up with an idea or having something to say

-what your audience needs to know and why

Dispositio

-aka arrangement

-organization (goal is effectiveness)

-like storytelling (audience understands message)

Elocutio

-aka style

-impact audience

-word choice, tone, pace, visualization, emotion-voking

-artistic, pathos

Memoria

-aka memory

-knowledge/understanding of content

-historically meant to memorize speech

cannons of rhetoric

-originally created by Aristotle

-taking a good idea and making it into an effective presentation

pronuntiato

-aka delivery

-how you present the message

-ex: eye contact, posture, rate of voice, articulation, dress, professionalism, confidence, body language

7 Liberal Arts

grammar, logic, rhetoric, math, music, geometry, astronomy

trium

-art of words

-grammar, logic, rhetoric

quadrium

-art of numbers

-math, music, geometry, astronomy

cannons of rhetoric

1) inventio/invention

2) dispositio/arrangement

3) elecutio/style

4) memoria/memory

5) pronuntiatio/delivery

Introduction

- 10-15% of presentation

-capture the audience’s attention

-build good relationship (ethos/credibility )

-prepare listeners for topic/rest of speech

phrases to avoid

“My topic is…”

“I have chosen to speak on…”

-”Raise your hand if…”

-”So…”

Body

- 75-80% of presentation

-organizational patterns

-main points

organizational patterns

-1st choose pattern then main points

-topical, chronological, spatial, cause & effect, problem/solution

topical

organizes main points/body by reasons, advantages, qualities, types

chronological

organize main points/body by time. ex: history or steps/instructions

conclusion

-10% of presentation

-summarize what was said/review main points

-end with a bang not a whimper

connectors/transitions

-preview

-review

-signposts

-combination of those

preview

tell the audience what is coming up (speech or main point)

review

tell the audience what you’ve just discussed

signposts

-numerical: 1st, 2nd, etc.

-non numerical: another, next, etc.

supporting materials

-stats/facts

-testimony

-examples

stats/numerical facts

these can describe size, make predictions, illustrate trends, show relationships

(can be presented in the form of graphs)

facts

-verifiable units of info (independent observers see and report them consistently)

-distinguishable from claims: “great”, “important”, unwise

expert testimony

given by:

-surgeon General

-psychologist

-historian

lay/peer testimony

given by fellow students

prestige testimony

given by:

-Abraham Lincoln

-Winston Churchill

-Shakespeare

celebrity testimony

given by athletes, actors, etc

examples

-brief

-extended: stories with beginning, middle, and end

-factual or hypothetical

communication

what is believed in ______?

1) visual

2) vocal

3) verbal

power

-make sure everyone can hear you

-use lungs, vocal cord, and mouth

-avoid vocal fry

pace

typically 125 words per minute

punch

emphasis on specific words in a sentence

pause

-at the end of thoughts, not in the middle

-avoid multitude of vocal pauses or fillers: um, uh, but uh, I mean, ya know

professionalism

-avoid slang and offensive language

-avoid informal terms: like, or whatever, or something, all that kinda stuff

pitch

-strive for vocal variety

-don’t be monotone or uptalk

pronunciation

forming sounds and syllables correctly

delivery

-pace

-punch

-pause

-power

-professionalism

-pitch

-pronunciation/articulation

modes of delivery

impromptu, memory, script, extemporaneous

vocal fry

croaking words especially at the end of sentences

articulation

forming particular sounds clearly and distinctly

-one cause of mispronunciation

-replacement, transposition, and deletion

stage fright

this video ended with

“It’s OK to have butterflies; just teach them how to fly in formation.”

Broadcast News

in this clip the news anchor was sweating so badly he needed another shirt

President George W. Bush

in his famous impromptu "Bullhorn" speech he said this, which got the loudest ovation:

“I can hear you! I can hear you; the people of the world can hear you; and the people that knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon.”

“What we’ve got here is a failure to communicate”

The famous line from the film Cool Hand Luke -- ranked No. 11 on the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Quotes" -- is ____.

increased in volume toward the end

Dr. King’s vocal delivery

“let freedom ring”

A prominent portion of Dr. King's speech referenced the song "My County Tis of Thee" and repeated its line _____

Dr. King

made refences to light including:

-beacon light of hope

-joyous daybreak

-sunlit path

Abraham Lincoln

In his second sentence, Dr. King referred to "a great American"

to persuade

Dr. King's general purpose of this speech

persuasive

problem/solution organization works best with this kind of speech

Challenger

In President Reagan's ______ speech, he addressed:

-children who had watched the tragedy on tv

-employees of NASA

-families who were mourning

expert testimony

Quoting noted psychologist Albert Bandura for the topic of social learning would make use of ___

Tom Hanks

President Barack Obama, in a Medal of Freedom speech, said the following about what person?

"We should never travel with [him]. I mean, you think about it, you got pirates, plane crashes, you get marooned, in airport purgatory, volcanoes. Something happens with [him]… and yet somehow we can’t resist going where he wants to take us.”

Michael Jordan

President Barack Obama, in a Medal of Freedom speech, said the following about what person?

"Yet [he] is still more than those moments, more than just the best player on the two greatest teams of all time....He’s more than just a logo, more than just an internet meme… He is the definition of somebody so good at what they do that everybody recognizes it. That’s pretty rare.'

Michael Jordan

President Barack Obama, in a Medal of Freedom speech, said the following about what person?

"If things had gone differently…We may have never seen him switch hands in mid-air against the Lakers, or drop 63 in the Garden or gut it out in 'the flu game' or hit 'the shot' three different times – over Georgetown, over Ehlo, over Russell. We might not have seen him take on Larry Bird in H-O-R-S-E or lift up the sport globally along with the Dream Team."

Lorne Michaels

President Barack Obama, in a Medal of Freedom speech, said this person in 1976 implored the Beatles to reunite on his brand-new show, offering them $3,000; they could share it equally or give Ringo a smaller cut.

Steven Spielberg

President Barack Obama, in a Medal of Freedom speech, said the following about what person's films?

"...marked by boundless imagination, worlds rendered in extraordinary detail, characters who struggle to seize control of their destinies…all of that remind us so powerfully of our own lives…His stories have shaped America’s story, and his values have shaped our world.”

Medal of Freedom

During President Obama’s _________ speech for a filmmaker a phone went off and Obama smoothly played it off by saying that somebody was calling to pitch the director a new movie

Abraham Lincoln

At the end of Barbara Jordan's speech, she came full-circle by alluding to the uniqueness of the speaker and then quoted from ____

low pitch and slow pace

When Barbara Jordan uttered the quote "As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master," her vocal delivery was evident in its...

overwhelmingly positive

The reception of Barbara Jordan's speech, during and after

vocal fry

phenomenon of low power and low pitch, especially at the ends of sentences

siren

mispronunciation example from Dr. Mac's childhood

extemporaneous

mode of delivery that we said has the most advantages

kardashians

The video featuring Faith Salie discussing "vocal fry" included a few clips of...

nu-klee-er

correct pronunciation to describe nuclear energy

as-ter-isk

correct pronunciation of the star shaped punctuation mark

so

beginning a sentence with ____ undermines your credibility and demonstrates that you’re nor 100% comfortable with what you’re saying ("How A Popular Two-Letter Word Is Undermining Your Credibility")

uptalking

The video of the two young ladies doing the product review provided multiple examples of