PM test 2

Joint end feel - bone on bone

Hard, painless, no give (elbow extension)

Joint end feel - soft tissue approx

Mushy, forgiving sensation (elbow flexion)

Joint end feel - Tissue stretch

Elastic (soft, significant give - wrist flexion) or capsular (taut - knee extension)

Normal ROM for cervical flexion

40*

Normal ROM for cervical extension

50*

Normal ROM for cervical lateral flexion

22*

Normal ROM for cervical rotation

50*

Cervical flexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Perpendicular to ceiling

Moving arm - base of nares (nose)

Fulcrum - external auditory meatus (ear hole)

End feel - firm

Cervical extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Perpendicular to ceiling

Moving arm - base of nares (nose)

Fulcrum - external auditory meatus (ear hole)

End feel - firm

Cervical lateral flexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - along spinous processes of thoracic spine

Moving arm - midline of head

Fulcrum - spinous process of c7

End feel - firm

Cervical rotation ROM guidelines

Stable arm - parallel line between both acromion processes

Moving arm - Tip of the nose

Fulcrum - Center of the top of the head

End feel - firm

Normal ROM for shoulder flexion

180*

Normal ROM for shoulder extension

60*

Normal ROM for shoulder abduction

180*

Normal ROM for shoulder internal rotation

70*

Normal ROM for shoulder external rotation

90*

Shoulder flexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of lateral thoracic cavity (it points down their trunk)

Moving arm - Midline of humerus

Fulcrum - Lateral side of greater tubercle

End feel - firm

Shoulder extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of lateral thoracic cavity (it points down their trunk)

Moving arm - Midline of humerus

Fulcrum - Lateral side of greater tubercle

End feel - firm

Shoulder abduction ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Parallel to midline of sternum/body

Moving arm - Midline of humerus

Fulcrum - Anterior acromion process

End feel - firm

Shoulder internal rotation ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Pointed towards ceiling

Moving arm - along ulna

Fulcrum - Olecranon process

End feel - firm

Normal ROM for elbow flexion

150*

Normal ROM for elbow extension

0*

Normal ROM for elbow pronation

80*

Normal ROM for elbow supination

80*

Elbow flexion and extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Lateral midline of humerus

Moving arm - Lateral midline of radius

Fulcrum - Lateral epicondyle of humerus

End feel - Flexion = soft, extension = hard

Forearm supination ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Parallel to midline of humerus

Moving arm - Across ventral aspect of distal forearm

Fulcrum - Lateral and proximal to ulnar styloid process

End feel - firm

Forearm pronation ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Parallel to midline of humerus

Moving arm - Across dorsal aspect of distal forearm

Fulcrum - Lateral and proximal to ulnar styloid process

End feel - Hard

Normal knee flexion ROM

150*

Knee flexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of femur

Moving arm - Midline of fibula

Fulcrum - Lateral epicondyle of femur

End feel - soft

Knee extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of femur

Moving arm - Midline of fibula

Fulcrum - Lateral epicondyle of femur

End feel - firm

Normal ROM for ankle dorsiflexion

20*

Normal ROM for ankle plantarflexion

50*

Normal ROM for ankle inversion

35*

Normal ROM for ankle eversion

15*

Ankle dorsiflexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of fibula

moving arm - parallel w/ 5th metatarsal

Fulcrum - Lateral malleolus

End feel - firm

Ankle plantarflexion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of fibula

Moving arm - parallel w/ 5th metatarsal

Fulcrum - Lateral malleolus

End feel - firm

Ankle inversion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of lower leg

Moving arm - Midline of 2nd metatarsal

Fulcrum - Anterior ankle, midway between malleoli

End feel - Firm

Ankle eversion ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of lower leg

Moving arm - midline of 2nd metatarsal

Fulcrum - Anterior ankle, midpoint between malleoli

End feel - firm

Metatarsalphalangeal joint flexion and extension ROM guielines

Stable arm - lateral midline of metatarsal

Moving arm - Medial midline of phalanx

Fulcrum - lateral aspect of  metatarsophalangeal joint

End feel - firm

Normal ROM for wrist flexion

80*

Normal ROM for wrist extension

70*

Normal ROM for radial deviation

20*

Normal ROM for ulnar deviation

30*

Wrist flexion/extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of ulna

Moving arm - midline of 5th metacarpal

Fulcrum - medial aspect of wrist over triquetrum 

End feel - flexion = firm extension = firm

Wrist radial and ulnar deviation ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Midline of forearm

Moving arm - midline of 3rd metacarpal

Fulcrum - Dorsal side of wrist, over capitate

End feel - Radial = hard, ulnar = firm

Normal ROM for thumb carpometacarpal abduction

70*

Normal ROM for thumb carpometacarpal flexion

15*

Normal ROM for thumb carpometacarpal extension

20*

Normal ROM for thumb metacarpophalangeal flexion 

50*

Normal ROM for thumb metacarpophalangeal extension

0*

Normal ROM for thumb interphalangeal flexion

80*

Normal ROM for thumb interphalangeal extension

20*

Thumb carpometacarpal flexion and extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - midline of radius

Moving arm - midline of 1st metacarpal

Fulcrum - palmar side of first carpometacarpal joint

End feel - flexion = soft, extension = firm

Thumb carpometacarpal abduction ROM guidelines

Stable arm - midline of 2nd metacarpal

Moving arm - midline of 1st metacarpal

Fulcrum - lateral side of radial styloid

End feel - firm

Thumb MCP joint flexion and extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - midline of 1st metacarpal

Moving arm - midline of prox. phalanx on 1st digit

fulcrum - dorsal side of 1st MCP joint

End feel - hard

Thumb IP joint flexion and extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - midline of proximal phalanx on 1st digit

Moving arm - midline of distal phalanx on 1st digit

Fulcrum - dorsal side of IP joint on thumb

End feel - firm

Finger DIP/PIP joint ROM guidelines

Stable arm - dorsal midline of proximal bone

Moving arm - dorsal midline of distal bone

Fulcrum - dorsal aspect of respective joint

end feel - firm (capsular)

Normal ROM for hip flexion

120*

Normal ROM for hip extension

20*

Normal ROM for hip medial rotation

45*

Normal ROM for hip external rotation

45*

Normal ROM for hip abduction

40*

Normal ROM for hip adduction

20*

Hip flexion/extension ROM guidelines

Stable arm - midline of pelvis

Moving arm - midline of femur

Fulcrum - lateral side of greater trochanter

End feel - flexion = soft, extension = firm

Hip abduction/adduction ROM guidelines

Stable arm - Horizontal line connecting both ASIS

Moving arm - midline of femur

Fulcrum - ASIS of same side 

End feel - firm

Hip internal/external rotation ROM guidelines

Stable arm - perpendicular to floor

Moving arm - midline of lower leg

Fulcrum - Anterior patella

End feel - firm